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We aimed to examine the associations between plasma vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels and anemia under different dietary patterns in adults aged 65\u2009years and older in nine longevity areas in China.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2405 older adults completed a food frequency questionnaire at the same time as a face-to-face interview. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed based on the food frequency questionnaire, with the low DDS group referring to participants with a DDS score\u2009\u2264\u20094 points. Vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels were divided into two groups of high (&gt;295\u2009pg\/mL) and low (\u2264 295\u2009pg\/mL) with the median used as the cut-off point. Sub-analyses were also performed on older adults divided into tertiles of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels: low (&lt;\u2009277\u2009pg\/mL), medium (277\u2013375\u2009pg\/mL) and high (&gt;\u2009375\u2009pg\/mL) to study the association of these levels with anemia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Six hundred ninety-five (28.89%) of these people were diagnosed with anemia and had a mean age of 89.3\u2009years. Higher vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels were associated with a decreased risk of anemia (multi-adjusted OR, 0.59, [95% CI, 0.45\u2009~\u20090.77] <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in older adults with a low DDS, whereas no significant association between vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels and anemia was found in older adults with a high DDS in a full-model after adjustment for various confounding factors (multi-adjusted OR, 0.88, [95% CI, 0.65\u2009~\u20091.19], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.41).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The relationship between vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> levels and the prevalence of anemia was significant only when the level of dietary diversity in the older adults was relatively low. The dietary structure of the population should be taken into consideration in combination in order to effectively improve anemia status by supplementing vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04586-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T18:02:23Z","timestamp":1704391343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin B12 is associated negatively with anemia in older Chinese adults with a low dietary diversity level: evidence from the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuebin","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 7A","key":"4586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3s","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.009","volume":"116","author":"C Begh\u00e9","year":"2004","unstructured":"Begh\u00e9 C, Wilson A, Ershler WB. 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