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This study, therefore, ascertained whether there is a moderated mediation of the association of frailty, Workplace Social Activity (WSA), and well-being by Physical Activity (PA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study adopted a cross-sectional design with relevant sensitivity analyses for confounding. The participants were within two Ghanaian samples with different income levels (low-income, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009897, and higher income, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009530). The minimum samples were calculated, and the statistical models were tested with Haye\u2019s Process Model through structural equation modelling.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Frailty was negatively associated with PA, and this relationship was moderated by WSA in both samples. Higher frailty was directly and indirectly associated with lower well-being in the higher-income sample but only indirectly associated with lower well-being in the low-income sample. The mediation of PA in the frailty-well-being relationship is partial in the higher-income sample but complete in the low-income sample. There was evidence of moderated mediation in both samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>WSA may reduce the strength of the negative association of frailty with PA and well-being among older employees in both samples. Workplace interventions aimed at enhancing WSA may encourage PA and enhance well-being among older employees with frailty.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05178-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T13:03:47Z","timestamp":1720011827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of frailty with workplace social activity, physical activity, and well-being among older employees: a moderated mediation in two income-variant samples"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0429-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia","family":"Danquah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1157-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nestor","family":"Asiamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5727-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reginald Arthur-Mensah","family":"Jnr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriakos","family":"Kouveliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong L, Liu N, Tian X, Qiao X, Gobbens RJJ, Kane RL et al. 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