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The NHIS-ECDB\u00a02.0 is designed to ensure the privacy of individuals by excluding personally identifiable information. As a result, researchers cannot identify or access personal data of any specific individuals, negating the need for obtaining individual consent. Approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Gachon University, confirming that formal informed consent was not required for utilizing this database (IBN No. 1044396\u2013202111-HR-236\u201301). The certificate of IRB review exemption is provided for documentation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"699"}}