{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:35:22Z","timestamp":1793824522667,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Depatment for Economy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Currently, there are more than 55\u00a0million people living with dementia worldwide. Supporting people with dementia to live as independently as possible in their communities is a global public health objective. There is limited research exploring the implementation of such interventions in the community context. The aim of the review was to create and refine programme theory \u2013 in the form of context mechanism-outcome configurations \u2013 on how the characteristics of dementia-friendly communities (DFCs) as geographical locations interact with their social and organisational contexts to understand what works for whom and why.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This realist review sourced literature from 5 electronic databases: Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, PsychINFO and Google Scholar, as well as relevant websites such as Alzheimer\u2019s Society to identify grey literature. Methodological rigour was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seven papers were included in this realist review that focused on DFCs in a geographical context The implementation of DFC interventions emerged as a process characterised by two pivotal implementation phases, intricately linked with sub-interventions. The first intervention, termed Hierarchy Commitment (I1a\/b), involves the formalisation of agreements by businesses and organizations, along with the implementation of dementia-friendly action plans. Additionally, Educational Resources (I1c) play a significant role in this phase, engaging individuals with dementia and their caregivers in educational initiatives. The second phase, Geographical\/Environmental Requirements (I2), encompasses the establishment of effective dementia-friendly signage, accessible meeting places, and community support.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This realist review highlighted a theoretical framework that might guide the development of dementia-friendly communities to enhance the experiences of individuals with dementia and their caregivers within DFCs. Emphasising the need for a theoretical framework in developing geographical DFCs, the review outlines contextual elements, mechanisms, and outcomes, providing a foundation for future studies. The ultimate goal is to establish a robust body of evidence for the sustainable implementation of dementia-friendly communities, thereby improving the quality of life for those with dementia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study is registered as PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022317784.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1727170049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dementia Friendly communities (DFCs) to improve quality of life for people with dementia: a realist review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0022-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter O\u2019","family":"Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2133-2998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Brown","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5343_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia. 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia."},{"key":"5343_CR2","unstructured":"Dementia Alliance International. Human rights for people living with dementia: From rhetoric to reality. Dementiaallianceinternational.org. 2016. Available from: https:\/\/dementiaallianceinternational.org\/assets\/2016\/05\/Human-Rights-for-People-Living-with-Dementia-Rhetoric-to-Reality.pdf."},{"key":"5343_CR3","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. Dementia Friendly Communities. 2022. (Online). Available at: https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/what-we-do\/policy\/dementia-friendly-communities\/]."},{"key":"5343_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-020-00325-7","volume":"9","author":"LS Novak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Novak LS, Horne E, Brackett JR, Meyer K, Ajtai RM. Dementia-friendly communities: A review of current literature and reflections onimplementation. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2020;9:176\u201382.","journal-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep"},{"key":"5343_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860601086470","volume":"11","author":"A Phinney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phinney A, Chaudhury H, O\u2019Connor DL. Doing as much as I can do: the meaning of activity for people with dementia. Aging Ment Health. 2007;11:384\u201393.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"5343_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301216638180","volume":"15","author":"A Phinney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phinney A, Kelson E, Baumbusch J, et al. Walking in the neighbourhood: performing social citizenship in dementia. Dementia. 2016;15:381\u201394.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"5343_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301213516118","volume":"15","author":"EC Wiersma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiersma EC, Denton A. From social network to safety net: dementia-friendly communities in rural Northern Ontario. Dementia. 2016;15:51\u201368.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"5343_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017\u20132025. 2017. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/global-action-plan-on-the-public-health-response-to-dementia-2017---2025"},{"key":"5343_CR9","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. WHO Global action plan on dementia. 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/what-we-do\/partnerships\/world-health-organization\/who-global-plan-on-dementia\/."},{"key":"5343_CR10","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International.\u00a0 Dementia-Friendly Communities: Global Developments 2nd Edition. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/dfc-developments.pdf. (2017). Accessed 28 June 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"5343_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu122","volume":"55","author":"SY Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin SY, Lewis FM. Dementia friendly, dementia capable, and dementia positive: concepts to prepare for the future. Gerontologist. 2015;55(2):237\u201344.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"5343_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/1357480042000187721","volume":"9","author":"L Mitchell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitchell L, Burton E, Raman S. Dementia-friendly cities: designing intelligible neighbourhoods for life. J Urban Des. 2004;9(1):89\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Urban Des"},{"key":"5343_CR13","unstructured":"Dementia Friendly America. Dementia Friends USA [Online] Dementia Friendly America. 2024. https:\/\/dfamerica.org\/overview-and-5-key-messages\/"},{"key":"5343_CR14","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society. What is a dementia friendly community? Alzheimer\u2019s Society. 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.alzheimers.org.uk\/get-involved\/dementia-friendly-resources\/what-dementia-friendly-community."},{"key":"5343_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p23337214211013","DOI":"10.1177\/23337214211013596","volume":"7","author":"L Hung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hung L, Hudson A, Gregorio M, Jackson L, Mann J, Horne N, Berndt A, Wallsworth C, Wong L, Phinney A. Creating dementia-friendly communities for social inclusion: a scoping review. Gerontol Geriatric Med. 2021;7:p23337214211013596.","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatric Med"},{"key":"5343_CR16","volume-title":"Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology","author":"K Ogilvie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ogilvie K, And Eggleton A. Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology. Dementia in Canada: a national strategy for dementia-friendly communities; 2016."},{"issue":"5","key":"5343_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217731433","volume":"18","author":"CA Hebert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hebert CA, Scales K. Dementia friendly initiatives: a state of the science review. Dementia. 2019;18(5):1858\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301217731433.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"5343_CR18","unstructured":"Webster D. Dementia-friendly communities Ontario: a Multi-sector collaboration to improve quality of life for people living with dementia and Care Partners Ontario. The Alzheimer Society of Ontario; 2016."},{"key":"5343_CR19","unstructured":"Grogan C. Doing dementia friendly communities locally: Tensions in committee practices and micro-processes. Diss. Queensland University of Technology; 2022."},{"key":"5343_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swaffer K. Dementia: stigma, language, and dementia-friendly. Dementia (London). 2014;13(6):709\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301214548143.","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301214548143"},{"key":"5343_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman S, Swaffer K. Assets-based approaches and dementia-friendly communities. Dementia (London). 2018;17(2):131\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301217751533.","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217751533"},{"issue":"3","key":"5343_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301217701506","volume":"18","author":"T Shakespeare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shakespeare T, Zeilig H, Mittler P. Rights in mind: thinking differently about dementia and disability. Dement (London). 2019;18(3):1075\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301217701506.","journal-title":"Dement (London)"},{"issue":"Issue suppl_1","key":"5343_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx122","volume":"58","author":"S Fazio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fazio S, Pace D, Flinner J, Kallmyer B. The fundamentals of person-centered care for individuals with dementia. The Gerontologist. 2018;58(Issue suppl_1):S10\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnx122.","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"5343_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210000840","volume":"22","author":"A Spector","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spector A, Orrell M. Using a biopsychosocial model of dementia as a tool to guide clinical practice. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(6):957\u201365.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"5343_CR25","first-page":"38","volume-title":"Care-giving in Dementia","author":"B Miesen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miesen B. Attachment theory and dementia. Care-giving in Dementia. Routledge; 2014. pp. 38\u201356."},{"issue":"2","key":"5343_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2005.00025_1.x","volume":"37","author":"CR Kovach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kovach CR, Noonan PE, Schlidt AM, Wells T. A model of consequences of need-driven, dementia\u2010compromised behavior. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2005;37(2):134\u201340.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"5343_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thijssen M, Daniels R, Lexis M, Jansens R, Peeters J, Chadborn N, Nijhuis\u2010van der Sanden MW, Kuijer\u2010Siebelink W, Graff M. How do community based dementia friendly initiatives work for people with dementia and their caregivers, and why? A rapid realist review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022;37(2).","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5662"},{"issue":"5","key":"5343_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054006","volume":"20","author":"M Thijssen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thijssen M, Graff MJ, Lexis MA, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW, Radford K, Logan PA, Daniels R, Kuijer-Siebelink W. Collaboration for developing and sustaining community dementia-friendly initiatives: a realist evaluation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4006.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5343_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15125-9","volume":"9","author":"M Thijssen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thijssen M, Kuijer-Siebelink W, Lexis MA, Nijhuis-Van Der Sanden MW, Daniels R, Graff M. What matters in development and sustainment of community dementia friendly initiatives and why? A realist multiple case study. BMC Public Health 2023 23(1):296.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5343_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-11-2017-0032","volume":"22","author":"S Buckner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buckner S, Mattocks C, Rimmer M, Lafortune L. An evaluation tool for age-friendly and dementia friendly communities. Work Older People. 2018;22(1):48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/WWOP-11-2017-0032.","journal-title":"Work Older People"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"5343_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14746","volume":"28","author":"K Shannon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shannon K, Bail K, Neville S. Dementia-friendly community initiatives: an integrative review. J Clin Nurs. 2019;28(11\u201312):2035\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"5343_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12287","volume":"35","author":"K Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith K, Gee S, Sharrock T, Croucher M. Developing a dementia-friendly Christchurch: Perspectives of people with dementia. Australas J Ageing. 2016;35(3):188\u201392.","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing."},{"issue":"11","key":"5343_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14123","volume":"75","author":"SM Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu SM, Huang HL, Chiu YC, Tang LY, Yang PS, Hsu JL, Liu CL, Wang WS, Shyu YIL. Dementia-friendly community indicators from the perspectives of people living with dementia and dementia-family caregivers. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(11):2878\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"5343_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301220965552","volume":"20","author":"N Darlington","year":"2021","unstructured":"Darlington N, Arthur A, Woodward M, et al. A survey of the experience of living with dementia in a dementia-friendly community. Dementia. 2021;20(5):1711\u201322.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"5343_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000304","volume":"30","author":"SY Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin SY. \u2018Dementia-friendly communities\u2019 and being dementia friendly in healthcare settings. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30(2):145.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"5343_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015257","volume":"7","author":"M Handley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Handley M, Bunn F, Goodman C. Dementia-friendly interventions to improve the care of people living with dementia admitted to hospitals: a realist review. BMJ open. 2017;7(7):e015257.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"5343_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113624","volume":"270","author":"NS Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh NS, Kovacs RJ, Cassidy R, Kristensen SR, Borghi J, Brown GW. A realist review to assess for whom, under what conditions and how pay for performance programmes work in low-and middle-income countries. Soc Sci Med. 2021;270:113624.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"5343_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"p9065","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179065","volume":"18","author":"A Haynes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haynes A, Gilchrist H, Oliveira JS, Tiedemann A. Using realist evaluation to understand process outcomes in a COVID-19-impacted yoga intervention trial: a worked example. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):p9065.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5343_CR39","unstructured":"European Foundations on Dementia. Mapping Dementia- Friendly Communities Across Europe. 2016. [PDF] https:\/\/www.dataplan.info\/img_upload\/5c84ed46aa0abfec4ac40610dde11285\/mapping_dfcs_across_europe_final_v2.pdf."},{"key":"5343_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04090-y","volume":"23","author":"S Craig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Craig S, Mitchell G, Halloran PO, et al. Exploring the experiences of people living with dementia in Dementia Friendly communities (dfcs) in Northern Ireland: a realist evaluation protocol. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23:361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-023-04090-y.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"5343_CR41","unstructured":"Craig S, Wilson B, O\u2019Halloran C. P., Mitchell G, Stark P. How do people with dementia and their caregivers experience Dementia Friendly communities (dfcs) and how are these sustained over time: a realist review.\u00a02022."},{"key":"5343_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-21","volume":"11","author":"G Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong G, Greenhalgh T, Westhorp G, Et al. RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses. BMC Med. 2013;11:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1741-7015-11-21.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1suppl","key":"5343_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819054308530","volume":"10","author":"R Pawson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist review-a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1suppl):21\u201334.","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"5343_CR44","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. 2022. Available at www.covidence.org."},{"key":"5343_CR45","unstructured":"The Joanna Briggs Institute. Critical appraisal tools. The Joanna Briggs Institute. 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https:\/\/jbi.global\/critical-appraisal-tools."},{"key":"5343_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e047789","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047789","volume":"11","author":"T Morton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morton T, Wong G, Atkinson T, et al. Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term: the SCI-Dem realist review. BMJ Open. 2021;11:e047789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047789.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"5343_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951514001229","volume":"13","author":"P O\u2019Halloran","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Halloran P, Scott D, Reid J, Porter S. Multimedia psychoeducational interventions to support patient self-care in degenerative conditions: a realist review. Palliat Support Care. 2015;13(5):1473\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1478951514001229.","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"key":"5343_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGrath D, O\u2019Halloran P, Prue G, Brown M, Millar J, O\u2019Donnell A, McWilliams L, Murphy C, Hinds G, Reid J. Exercise interventions for women with ovarian cancer: a realist review. Healthcare. 2022;10(4):720.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10040720"},{"key":"5343_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-33","volume":"7","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, mccormack B, Hutchinson AM, et al. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-7-33.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"5343_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2013.854856","volume":"57","author":"Z Kally","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kally Z, Cherry DL, Howland S, And Villarruel M. Asian Pacific Islander dementia care network: a model of care for underserved communities. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2014;57(6\u20137):710\u201327.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"5343_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03030-6","volume":"22","author":"S Tsuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsuda S, Inagaki H, Okamura T, Sugiyama M, Ogawa M, Miyamae F, Edahiro A, Ura C, Sakuma N, Awata S. Promoting cultural change towards dementia friendly communities: a multi-level intervention in Japan. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"5343_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301218754455","volume":"18","author":"L Phillipson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Phillipson L, Hall D, Cridland E, Fleming R, Brennan-Horley C, Guggisberg N, Frost D, Hasan H. Involvement of people with dementia in raising awareness and changing attitudes in a dementia friendly community pilot project. Dementia. 2019;18(7\u20138):2679\u201394.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"5343_CR53","volume-title":"Evaluation of the York Dementia Friendly Communities Programme","author":"J Dean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dean J, Silversides K, Crampton JA, Wrigley J. Evaluation of the York Dementia Friendly Communities Programme. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 2015a."},{"issue":"2","key":"5343_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648221130055","volume":"42","author":"CD Bergeron","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bergeron CD, Robinson MT, Willis FB, Albertie ML, Wainwright JD, Fudge MR, Parfitt FC, Lucas JA. Creating a dementia friendly community in an African American neighborhood: perspectives of people living with dementia, care partners, stakeholders, and community residents. J Appl Gerontol. 2023;42(2):280\u20139.","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5343_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12371","volume":"25","author":"M Heward","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heward M, Innes A, Cutler C, Hambidge S. Dementia-friendly communities: challenges and strategies for achieving stakeholder involvement. Health Soc Care Commun. 2017;25(3):858\u201367.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Commun"},{"key":"5343_CR56","unstructured":"Goodman C, Arthur A, Buckner S, Buswell M, Darlington N, Dickinson A, Killett A, Lafortune L, Mathie E, Mayrhofer A, Reilly P, Skedgel C, Thurman J, Woodward M. The DEMCOM study: a national evaluation of Dementia Friendly communities. National Institute for Health Research Policy Research (NIHR); 2019. https:\/\/uhra.herts.ac.uk\/handle\/2299\/23477."},{"key":"5343_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020374","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020374","volume":"8","author":"F Marshall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marshall F, Basiri A, Riley M, et al. Scaling the Peaks Research Protocol: understanding the barriers and drivers to providing and using dementia-friendly community services in rural areas\u2014a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e020374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020374.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"5343_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1108\/HCS-12-2018-0035","volume":"22","author":"M Gresham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gresham M, Taylor L, Keyes S, Wilkinson H, McIntosh D, Cunningham C. Developing evaluation of signage for people with dementia. Hous Care Support. 2019;22(3):153\u201361.","journal-title":"Hous Care Support"},{"issue":"6","key":"5343_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/08959420.2021.1973341","volume":"34","author":"C Quinn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quinn C, Hart N, Henderson C, Litherland R, Pickett J, Clare L. Developing supportive local communities: perspectives from people with dementia and caregivers participating in the IDEAL programme. J Aging Soc Policy. 2022;34(6):839\u201359.","journal-title":"J Aging Soc Policy"},{"key":"5343_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.11.041","volume":"173","author":"RV Herron","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herron RV, Rosenberg MW. \u201cNot there yet\u201d: Examining community support from the perspective of people with dementia and their partners in care. Soc Sci Med. 2017;173:81\u20137.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"5343_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1108\/WWOP-12-2017-0036","volume":"22","author":"N Turner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turner N, Cannon S. Aligning age-friendly and dementia\u2010 friendly communities in the UK. Working Older People. 2018;22(1):9\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/WWOP-12-2017-0036.","journal-title":"Working Older People"},{"issue":"4","key":"5343_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1017\/S0714980813000408","volume":"32","author":"N Keating","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keating N, Eales J, Phillips JE. Age-friendly rural com\u2010 munities: conceptualizing \u2018best\u2010fit\u2019. Can J Aging\/La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement. 2013;32(4):319\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0714980813000408.","journal-title":"Can J Aging\/La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement"},{"key":"5343_CR63","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO launches new toolkit to promote dementia inclusive societies [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/06-08-2021-who-launches-new-toolkit-to-promote-dementia-inclusive-societies."},{"key":"5343_CR64","unstructured":"Williamson T. Mapping Dementia-Friendly Communities Across Europe. European Foundations\u2019 Initiative on Dementia, Brussels. 2016. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eip\/ageing\/sites\/eipaha\/files\/results_attachments\/mapping_dfcs_across_europe_final.pdf."}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T09:27:45Z","timestamp":1727170065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05343-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"776"}}