{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:43:28Z","timestamp":1793965408396,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["72203134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72203134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["71903149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71903149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["22BGL212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22BGL212"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1728720216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Empty nest but better off? Association between empty nest status and cognitive function among older adults with chronic diseases in rural China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qiufeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiyao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5386_CR1","unstructured":"Patterson C. World Alzheimer Report 2018 - The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers, 2018."},{"key":"5386_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang L et al. Sep., Prevalence of dementia, cognitive status and associated risk factors among elderly of Zhejiang province, China in 2014. Age Ageing. 2016;45(5):707\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afw088","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw088"},{"key":"5386_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia J et al. Jan., The prevalence of dementia in urban and rural areas of China, Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2014;10(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.01.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.01.012"},{"key":"5386_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deary J et al. Dec., Age-associated cognitive decline. British Medical Bulletin. 2009;92(1):135\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldp033","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp033"},{"key":"5386_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hendrie HC et al. Jan., The NIH cognitive and emotional health project: report of the critical evaluation study committee. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2006;2(1):12\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2005.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2005.11.004"},{"key":"5386_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu B. Projecting future demand for informal care among older people in China: the road towards a sustainable long-term care system. HEPL. Jan. 2019;14(1):61\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1744133118000221","DOI":"10.1017\/S1744133118000221"},{"key":"5386_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughes TB et al. Correlates of objective and subjective measures of caregiver burden among dementia caregivers: influence of unmet patient and caregiver dementia-related care needs. Int. Psychogeriatr. Nov. 2014;26(11):1875\u20131883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610214001240","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214001240"},{"key":"5386_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nishiguchi S et al. Cognitive decline predicts long-term care insurance requirement certification in community-dwelling older Japanese adults: a prospective cohort study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra, Sept. 2013;3(1):312\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000354962","DOI":"10.1159\/000354962"},{"key":"5386_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu J, Wang J, Wimo A, Fratiglioni L, Qiu C. The economic burden of dementia in China, 1990\u20132030: implications for health policy. Bull World Health Organ. Jan. 2017;95(1):18\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.15.167726.","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.167726"},{"key":"5386_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao M et al. Apr., Does an empty nest affect elders\u2019 health? Empirical evidence from China. IJERPH. 2017;14(5):463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14050463","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050463"},{"key":"5386_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim J, Park E, An M. The cognitive impact of chronic diseases on functional capacity in community-dwelling adults. J Nurs Res. Feb. 2019;27(1):e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000272.","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000272"},{"key":"5386_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gottesman RF et al. Associations Between Midlife Vascular Risk Factors and 25-Year Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort. JAMA Neurol. Oct. 2017;74(10):1246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1658","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1658"},{"key":"5386_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao L-Y, Zhou X-L. Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. WJCC. Apr. 2022;10(11):3449\u20133460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i11.3449","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i11.3449"},{"key":"5386_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang F, Li Z, Wang G-W, Shi X-X, Fu C. Cognitive function and its influencing factors in empty-nest elderly and non-empty-nest elderly adults in China. Aging. Feb. 2021;13(3):4552\u20134563.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.202416","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202416"},{"key":"5386_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silverstein M, Cong Z, Li S. Intergenerational transfers and living arrangements of older people in rural China: Consequences for Psychological well-being. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Sep. 2006;61(5):S256\u2013S266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/61.5.S256","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.5.S256"},{"key":"5386_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duan D et al. Mar., Empty-nest-related psychological distress is associated with progression of brain white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):43816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep43816","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43816"},{"key":"5386_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo J et al. Sep., Prevalence and factors influencing disability and cognitive impairment among empty nesters and non-empty nesters in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional study, In Review, preprint, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3262182\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3262182\/v1"},{"key":"5386_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu S, et al. Health and wellbeing among the empty nest and non-empty nest elderly in China\u2014results from a national cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. Sep. 2023;18(9):e0291231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0291231.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291231"},{"key":"5386_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee Y-H, Lin C-H, Chang J-R, Liu C-T, Shelley M, Chang Y-C. Transition of living arrangement and cognitive impairment status among Chinese older adults: Are they associated? Medicina.  Sep. 2021;57(9):9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina57090961","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090961"},{"key":"5386_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou Z et al. A longitudinal analysis of the association between living arrangements and health among older adults in China. Res aging. Jan. 2018;40(1):72\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027516680854","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027516680854"},{"key":"5386_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gubhaju B, \u00d8stbye T, Chan A. Living arrangements of community-dwelling older Singaporeans: predictors and consequences. Ageing and Society. Jun. 2018;38(6):1174\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0144686X16001495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X16001495"},{"key":"5386_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sereny M. Living arrangements of older adults in China: The interplay among preferences, realities, and health. Res Aging. Mar. 2011;33(2):172\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027510392387","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027510392387"},{"key":"5386_CR23","unstructured":"Fu C, Yang F, Mao Z, Factors associated with cognitive decline, among elderly in wuhan, China living alone versus those living with children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2018;49:4."},{"key":"5386_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang C, Wang Y, Hu L, Li Q, Wang R, Wang Q. The causal association between empty nest and depressive symptoms with cognitive impairments in China. J Affect Disord. Oct. 2022;315:7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.050.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.07.050"},{"key":"5386_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsiao Y-H, Chang C-H, Gean P-W. Impact of social relationships on Alzheimer\u2019s memory impairment: mechanistic studies. J Biomed Sci. Dec. 2018;25(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-018-0404-x.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-018-0404-x"},{"key":"5386_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nie Y, et al. Social networks and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the HAPIEE study. BMC Geriatr. Oct. 2021;21(1):570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02531-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02531-0"},{"key":"5386_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Hanratty B. Loneliness, social isolation and social relationships: what are we measuring? A novel framework for classifying and comparing tools. BMJ Open. Apr. 2016;6(4):e010799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010799","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010799"},{"key":"5386_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan R, Ngai SS. Social Exclusion and Neighborhood Support: A case study of empty-nest elderly in Urban Shanghai. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. Oct. 2012;55(7):587\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01634372.2012.676613","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2012.676613"},{"key":"5386_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang C et al. Dec., Improvement of social support in empty-nest elderly: results from an intervention study based on the Self-Mutual-Group model. Journal of Public Health. 2019;41(4):830\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy185","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy185"},{"key":"5386_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kutschke J, Bengtson M-B, Seeman TE, Harris JR. Social support and strain across close relationships: a twin study. Behav Genet. May 2018;48(3):173\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10519-018-9899-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-018-9899-x"},{"key":"5386_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu S, Hu J, Efird JT. Role of social support in cognitive function among elders. J Clin Nurs. Aug. 2012;21:15\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04178.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04178.x"},{"key":"5386_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hombrados-Mendieta I, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn MA, G\u00f3mez-Jacinto L. The relationship between social support, loneliness, and subjective well-being in a Spanish sample from a multidimensional perspective. Soc Indic Res. Dec. 2013;114(3);1013\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-012-0187-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-012-0187-5"},{"key":"5386_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tosi M, Grundy E. Intergenerational contacts and depressive symptoms among older parents in Eastern Europe. Aging & Mental Health. Jun. 2019;23(6):686\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2018.1442412","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1442412"},{"key":"5386_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lara E, et al. Does loneliness contribute to mild cognitive impairment and dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Ageing Res Rev. Jul. 2019;52:7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2019.03.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.03.002"},{"key":"5386_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA. Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and Aging. 2010;25(2):453\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017216","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017216"},{"key":"5386_CR36","unstructured":"Statistical Yearbook - Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Statistics. http:\/\/tjj.shaanxi.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj\/tjnj. Accessed 25 May 2023."},{"key":"5386_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wei C, Zhang J, Chen N, Xu Z, Tang H. Does frequent tea consumption provide any benefit to cognitive function in older adults? Evidence from a national survey from China in 2018. Front Public Health. Nov. 2023;11:1269675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1269675.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1269675"},{"key":"5386_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang M et al. Apr., The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education. Annals of Neurology. 1990;27(4):428\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410270412","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270412"},{"key":"5386_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li H, Jia J, Yang Z. Mini-mental state examination in elderly Chinese: a population-based normative study. J Alzheimers Dis. Jul. 2016;53(2):487\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-160119.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160119"},{"key":"5386_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui G-H et al. Dec., Cognitive impairment using education-based cutoff points for CMMSE scores in elderly Chinese people of agricultural and rural Shanghai China: Education-based cutoff points for CMMSE scores. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2011;124(6):361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01484.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01484.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"5386_CR41","first-page":"1124","volume":"37","author":"L Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou L, Li Z, Hu M, Xiao S. Reliability and validity of ULS-8 loneliness scale in elderly samples in a rural community. J Cent South Univ (Medical Sciences). 2012;37(11):1124\u20138.","journal-title":"J Cent South Univ (Medical Sciences)"},{"key":"5386_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu Y, Chen J. Living in the neighborhood or living together? Residential arrangement and cognitive health of the elderly in Rural China. Journal of Finance and Economics. 2020;46(8):49\u201363\u2009+\u2009155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16538\/j.cnki.jfe.2020.08.004","DOI":"10.16538\/j.cnki.jfe.2020.08.004"},{"key":"5386_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angrist JD, Pischke J-S. Mostly harmless econometrics: an empiricist\u2019s companion. Princeton University Press; 2009.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400829828"},{"key":"5386_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu H et al. Comparative analysis of cognitive impairment prevalence and its etiological subtypes in a rural area of northern China between 2010 and 2015. Scientific Reports. 9(1):851, 2019.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37286-z"},{"key":"5386_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao D et al. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older in Guangzhou, China. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2018;75:70\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.11.003"},{"key":"5386_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren L et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for cognitive impairment among elderly without cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based study in rural China. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2018;10:62.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00062"},{"issue":"4","key":"5386_CR47","first-page":"48","volume":"43","author":"Y Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi Y. Analysis of the current status of cognitive function and influencing factors in patients with chronic diseases in Pengpuxincun Community, Shanghai. Shanghai Med Pharm J. 2022;43(4):48\u201351.","journal-title":"Shanghai Med Pharm J"},{"key":"5386_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vance D, Larsen KI, Eagerton G, Wright MA. Comorbidities and cognitive functioning: implications for nursing research and practice. J Neurosci Nurs. Aug. 2011;43(4):215\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3182212a04.","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e3182212a04"},{"key":"5386_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Howard AG, Qin B, Yazawa A, Stickley A, Gordon-Larsen P. The association between family members\u2019 migration and cognitive function among people left behind in China. PLoS ONE. Sep. 2019;14(9):e0222867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0222867.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222867"},{"key":"5386_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Downer B, Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez C, Goldman N, Pebley AR, Wong R. The effect of adult children living in the United States on the likelihood of cognitive impairment for older parents living in Mexico. Ethn Health. Jan. 2018;23(1):57\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13557858.2016.1246430.","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2016.1246430"},{"key":"5386_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cameron LA, Cobb-Clark D. Do coresidency and financial transfers from the children reduce the need for elderly parents to works in developing countries? J Popul Econ. Oct. 2008;21(4):1007\u20131033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00148-006-0105-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-006-0105-8"},{"key":"5386_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evans IEM, Llewellyn DJ, Matthews FE, Woods RT, Brayne C, Clare L. Living alone and cognitive function in later life. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. Mar. 2019;81:222\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2018.12.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.12.014"},{"key":"5386_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dennerstein L, Dudley E, Guthrie J. Empty nest or revolving door? A prospective study of women\u2019s quality of life in midlife during the phase of children leaving and re-entering the home. Psychol. Med. Apr. 2002;32(3):545\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291701004810","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004810"},{"key":"5386_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo Y-q, Zhang C-c, Huang H, Zheng X, Pan X-j. and J. -z. Zheng. Mental health and related influencing factors among the empty-nest elderly and the non-empty-nest elderly in Taiyuan, China: a cross-sectional study, Public Health. Dec. 2016;141:210\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.09.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.09.005"},{"key":"5386_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmer Z, Kwong J, Family size and support of older adults in urban and rural China: current effects and future implications, 2003;40(1).","DOI":"10.2307\/3180810"},{"key":"5386_CR56","unstructured":"Wang P, Gao B. A longitudinal study of the effect of intergenerational support on cognitive function of Rural Elderly. J Popul Stud. 2011;3:70\u20139."},{"key":"5386_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen SD, Sharma T, Acquaviva K, Peterson RA, Patel SS, Kimmel PL. Social support and chronic kidney disease: an update. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. Oct. 2007;14(4):335\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ackd.2007.04.007","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2007.04.007"},{"key":"5386_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hajat C, Siegal Y, Adler-Waxman A. Clustering and Healthcare costs with multiple chronic conditions in a US study. Front Public Health. Jan. 2021;8:607528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.607528.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.607528"},{"issue":"5","key":"5386_CR59","first-page":"872","volume":"53","author":"M Xi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xi M, et al. Effect of Social Support on Multimorbidity and related outcomes of Middle-aged and older adults in China. J Sichuan Univ (Medical Sciences). 2022;53(5):872\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sichuan Univ (Medical Sciences)"},{"key":"5386_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casado-Mej\u00eda R, Ruiz\u2010Arias E. Influence of gender and care strategy in family caregivers\u00b4 strain: a cross\u2010sectional study. J of Nursing Scholarship. Nov. 2016;48(6):587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12256","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12256"},{"key":"5386_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baker LA, Cahalin LP, Gerst K, Burr JA. Productive activities and subjective well-being among older adults: the influence of number of activities and time commitment. Soc Indic Res. Sep. 2005;73(3):431\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-005-0805-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-005-0805-6"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T08:05:59Z","timestamp":1728720359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05386-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by \u201cEthics Committees of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University in China (2020\u2009\u2212\u20091239) and Xi\u2019an Gaoxin Hospital in China\u201d (2019-KY005). Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"825"}}