{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:25:48Z","timestamp":1787869548994,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T05:32:32Z","timestamp":1734586352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Catatonia-asossicated urinary retention in geriatric patients: a case series report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Parmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5544_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.06.003","author":"D Hirjak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hirjak D, Foucher J, Ams M, Ludovic J, Kubera K, Wolf R, Northoff G. The origins of catatonia: systemic review of historical texts between 1800 and 1900. Schizophr Res. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2022.06.003.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"5544_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.4.371","author":"J Daniels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daniels J. Catatonia: clinical aspects and neurobiological correlates. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.4.371.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5544_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00014200","author":"M Fink","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fink M, Taylor MA. The many varieties of catatonia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00014200.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5544_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391","author":"SA Rasmussen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasmussen SA, Mazurek MF, Rosebush PI. Catatonia: our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology. World J Psychiatry. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-5-14","author":"HR Penland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Penland HR, Weder N, Tampi RR. The catatonic dilemma expanded. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-859X-5-14.","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000083964","author":"FM van der Heijden","year":"2005","unstructured":"van der Heijden FM, Tuinier S, Arts NJ, Hoogendoorn ML, Kahn RS, Verhoeven WM. Catatonia: disappeared or underdiagnosed? Psychopathology. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000083964.","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"5544_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-016-0632-x","author":"JJ Cooper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cooper JJ, Roig LJ. Catatonia education: needs assessment and brief online intervention. Acad Psychiatry. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-016-0632-x.","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2019.03.004","author":"L Majnoni d'Intignano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Majnoni d\u2019Intignano L, Granon O, Fovet T, Thomas P, Bonin B, Amad A. Catatonia education in France: a cross-sectional study. Encephale. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.encep.2019.03.004.","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"5544_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391","author":"S Rasmussen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasmussen S, Mazurek M, Rosebush P. Catatonia: our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology. World J Psychiatry. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miyakoshi M, Arai T, Kurose S, Kaji M, Nakane J, Onaya M, Koreki A. Spontaneous bladder rupture in a catatonic schizophrenia patient. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/4277372.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4277372"},{"issue":"4","key":"5544_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000574","volume":"80","author":"M Funayama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Funayama M, Takata T, Koreki A, Ogino S, Mimura M. Catatonic stupor in schizophrenic disorders and subsequent medical complications and mortality. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(4):370\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000574.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"5544_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S273663","author":"GT Werneburg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Werneburg GT. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: current challenges and future prospects. Res Rep Urol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRU.S273663.","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"5544_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.011","author":"N Safdar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Safdar N, Codispoti N, Purvis S, Knobloch MJ. Patient perspectives on indwelling urinary catheter use in the hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.011.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"5544_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116283","author":"CM Kunin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kunin CM, Douthitt S, Dancing J, Anderson J, Moeschberger M. The association between the use of urinary catheters and morbidity and mortality among elderly patients in nursing homes. Am J Epidemiol. 1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116283.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5544_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.032532","author":"JBW Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams JBW, Kobak KA. Development and reliability of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery-\u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA). Br J Psychiatry. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.032532.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","volume":"93","author":"G Bush","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bush G, Fink M, Petrides G, Dowling F, Francis A. Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996;93:129\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"5544_CR17","unstructured":"Serlin DC, Heidelbaugh JJ, Stoffel JT. Urinary retention in adults: evaluation and initial management. Am Fam Physician. 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"5544_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.073","volume":"167","author":"XH Hou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hou XH, Hyun M, Taranda J, Huang KW, Todd E, Feng D, Atwater E, Croney D, Zeidel ML, Osten P, Sabatini BL. Central control circuit for context-dependent micturition. Cell. 2016;167(1):73-86.e12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.073.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"5544_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800733","volume":"58","author":"J Andrew","year":"1965","unstructured":"Andrew J, Nathan PW. The cerebral control of micturition. Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58(7):553\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003591576505800733.","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"5544_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33219","author":"AP Malykhina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malykhina AP. How the brain controls urination. eLife. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.33219.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"5544_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33219","author":"AP Malykhina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malykhina AP. How the brain controls urination. eLife. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.33219.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"5544_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00679.2013","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao Z, Reese J, Schwen Z, Shen B, Wang J, Roppolo JR, de Groat WC, Tai C. Role of spinal GABAA receptors in pudendal inhibition of nociceptive and nonnociceptive bladder reflexes in cats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00679.2013.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"5544_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619","author":"MC Michel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michel MC, Vrydag W. Alpha1-, alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. Br J Pharmacol. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"5544_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Funayama M, et al. Catatonic stupor in schizophrenic disorders and subsequent medical complications and mortality. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(4).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000574.","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000574"},{"key":"5544_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12395","volume":"13","author":"R Chess-Williams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chess-Williams R, McDermott C, Sellers DJ, West EG, Mills KA. Chronic psychological stress and lower urinary tract symptoms. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021;13:414\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/luts.12395.","journal-title":"Low Urin Tract Symptoms"},{"key":"5544_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90749.2008","author":"A Chang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chang A, Butler S, Sliwoski J, Valentino R, Canning D, Zderic S. Social stress in mice induces voiding dysfunction and bladder wall remodeling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.90749.2008.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"5544_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00504538","author":"U Sill\u00e9n","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sill\u00e9n U, Persson B, Rubenson A. Involvement of central GABA receptors in the regulation of the urinary bladder function of anaesthetized rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00504538.","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"5544_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michel MC, Vrydag W. Alpha1-, alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. Br J Pharmacol. 2006.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706619"},{"key":"5544_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.16l01941","author":"E Torres Villamil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Torres Villamil E, Gonzalez R. Acute urinary retention and catatonia in a schizophrenic male patient. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/PCC.16l01941.","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"5544_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00153-n","author":"SK Sanders","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sanders SK, Shekhar A. Regulation of anxiety by GABAA receptors in the rat amygdala. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00153-n.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"5544_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S58841","author":"P Nuss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nuss P. Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: a disturbance of modulation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S58841.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"5544_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosebush PI, Mazurek MF. Catatonia: re-awakening to a forgotten disorder. Mov Disord. 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<395::AID-MDS1002>3.0.CO;2-L.","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<395::AID-MDS1002>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"5544_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.984","author":"AK Moskowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moskowitz AK. Scared stiff: catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response. Psychol Rev. 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.984.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"5544_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391","author":"SA Rasmussen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasmussen SA, Mazurek MF, Rosebush PI. Catatonia: our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology. World J Psychiatry. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001853","author":"A Haroche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haroche A, Rogers J, Plaze M. Brain imaging in catatonia: systematic review and directions for future research. Psychol Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720001853.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"5544_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000109","author":"G Northoff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Northoff G. What catatonia can tell us about \u201ctop-down modulation\u201d: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis. Behav Brain Sci. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X02000109.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"5544_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000109","author":"G Northoff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Northoff G. What catatonia can tell us about \u201ctop-down modulation\u201d: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis. Behav Brain Sci. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X02000109.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"5544_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00182","author":"P Ellul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ellul P, Choucha W. Neurobiological approach of catatonia and treatment perspectives. Front Psych. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00182.","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"5544_CR39","first-page":"21","volume":"64","author":"RB Lydiard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lydiard RB. The role of GABA in anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(Suppl 3):21\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867420968915","author":"H Suchandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suchandra H, Reddi V, Aandi Subramaniyam B, Muliyala K. Revisiting lorazepam challenge test: clinical response with dose variations and utility for catatonia in an emergency setting. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867420968915.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"5544_CR41","first-page":"1301","volume":"18","author":"HA Sackeim","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sackeim HA, Decina P, Prohovnik I, Malitz S, Resor SR. Anticonvulsant and antidepressant properties of electroconvulsive therapy: a proposed mechanism of action. Biol Psychiatry. 1983;18(11):1301\u201310.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.577","author":"G Sanacora","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanacora G, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Hyder F, Ciarcia JJ, Ostroff RB, Berman RM, Krystal JH. Increased cortical GABA concentrations in depressed patients receiving ECT. Am J Psychiatry. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.577.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000433","author":"A Unal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unal A, Altindag A, Demir B, Aksoy I. The use of lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of catatonia: treatment characteristics and outcomes in 60 patients. J ECT. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000433.","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"5544_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i2.182","author":"F Luchini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luchini F, Medda P, Mariani MG, Mauri M, Toni C, Perugi G. Electroconvulsive therapy in catatonic patients: efficacy and predictors of response. World J Psychiatry. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v5.i2.182.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaliora SC, Zervas IM, Papadimitriou G. Electroconvulsive therapy: 80 years of use in psychiatry. Psychiatriki. 2018.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22365\/jpsych.2018.294.291.","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2018.294.291"},{"key":"5544_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/kpd.2018.04909","author":"O Asan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asan O, Goka E. Urinary retention associated with catatonia: a case report. Turk J Clin Psychiatry. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/kpd.2018.04909.","journal-title":"Turk J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"5544_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5350\/DAJPN2017300311","author":"E Sahan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sahan E, Zengin-Eroglu M. Negativism associated urinary bladder overdistension: a case report. Dusunen Adam J Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5350\/DAJPN2017300311.","journal-title":"Dusunen Adam J Psychiatry Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5544_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03700220073011","author":"JW Larson","year":"1963","unstructured":"Larson JW, Swenson WM, Utz DC, Steinhilber RM. Psychogenic urinary retention in women. JAMA. 1963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1963.03700220073011.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5544_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.009","author":"W Jaimes-Albornoz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaimes-Albornoz W, Serra-Mestres J. Prevalence and clinical correlations of catatonia in older adults referred to a liaison psychiatry service in a general hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.009.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:04:41Z","timestamp":1734588281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-024-05544-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3592354\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study received a no objection letter following a review from the Chair and Director of the Research Ethics Board committee at the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre. As such, this study was exempt from the need for approval. Written consent was obtained from involved parties to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from involved parties or their respective substitute decision maker for publication of information\/images in an online open-access publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1014"}}