{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:38:43Z","timestamp":1791859123528,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rising global population of older adults has increased attention on social frailty, significantly affecting physical, cognitive, and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review systematically examines social frailty in community-dwelling older adults by exploring theoretical frameworks, measurement tools, determinants, health outcomes, and potential interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted with searches across PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases, covering studies up to November 4, 2024. Of the 2371 articles, 42 were included in the synthesis. The review focused on community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above, aiming to understand the role of social frailty in this population\u2019s health and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings revealed that social frailty is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon determined by physical function decline, cognitive impairment, and depression. It is also linked to adverse outcomes, including increased risks of cognitive decline, depression, disabilities, and mortality. The growing evidence underscores the need for targeted interventions to disrupt the cycle of worsening frailty. The variability in existing measurement tools, limiting their broad applicability, suggested a need for standardization and cross-cultural validation. We identified potential intervention strategies, including multicomponent physical exercise, social networking enhancement, and digital health interventions, but only one RCT specifically examined a robotic pet intervention targeting social frailty, and its findings were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social frailty measurement tools are based on two primary frameworks: one grounded in the Deficit Accumulation Model, suited for secondary data analysis and prospective or periodic screening, and the other based on the Social Needs Fulfillment Theory, which uses brief-item tools but requires validation in specific contexts. Social frailty is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among community-dwelling older adults. The studies employed physical workouts, social networking, and digital health interventions, showed a significant improvement in social engagement. However, none specifically aimed at reducing social frailty, underscoring the urgent need for the specific interventions and management for social frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T02:31:48Z","timestamp":1747103508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Social frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cuiting","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wachiranun","family":"Sirikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Buawangpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03858-6","volume":"23","author":"N Hirota","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirota N, Okada H, Okamura N. The effectiveness in preventing frailty of exercise intervention provided by community pharmacists to older persons with chronic conditions: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):225.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"5971_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.09.015","volume":"11","author":"RJ Gobbens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gobbens RJ, Luijkx KG, Wijnen-Sponselee MT, Schols JM. In search of an integral conceptual definition of frailty: opinions of experts. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010;11(5):338\u201343.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-017-0414-7","volume":"14","author":"S Bunt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bunt S, Steverink N, Olthof J, Schans C, Hobbelen J. Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review. Eur J Ageing. 2017;14(3):323\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"5971_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.06.005","volume":"78","author":"B Bessa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bessa B, Ribeiro O, Coelho T. Assessing the social dimension of frailty in old age: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;78:101\u201313.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"5971_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1054-0","volume":"22","author":"L Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma L, Sun F, Tang Z. Social frailty is associated with physical functioning, cognition, and depression, and predicts mortality. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(8):989\u201395.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"5971_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.09.013","volume":"19","author":"M Yamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamada M, Arai H. Social frailty predicts incident disability and mortality among Community-Dwelling Japanese older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(12):1099\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.007","volume":"24","author":"XM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang XM, Cao S, Gao M, Xiao S, Xie X, Wu X. The prevalence of social frailty among older adults: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(1):29\u2013e3729.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"5971_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10031007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.08.023","volume":"16","author":"H Makizako","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makizako H, Shimada H, Tsutsumimoto K, Lee S, Doi T, Nakakubo S, Hotta R, Suzuki T. Social frailty in Community-Dwelling older adults as a risk factor for disability. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(11):e10031007\u20131011.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04666-2","volume":"24","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, Gu J, Li P, Hu J, Wang S, Wang P, Zhou L, Yun Y, Shi Y, Wang P. The relationship between social frailty and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):73.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04241-1","volume":"23","author":"X Qi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qi X, Li Y, Hu J, Meng L, Zeng P, Shi J, Jia N, Zeng X, Li H, Zhang Q, et al. Prevalence of social frailty and its associated factors in the older Chinese population: a National cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):532.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx188","volume":"47","author":"CR Gale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: the english longitudinal study of ageing. Age Ageing. 2018;47(3):392\u20137.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"5971_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.04.002","volume":"26","author":"LM Heinrich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heinrich LM, Gullone E. The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(6):695\u2013718.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06028.x","volume":"1231","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Norman GJ, Berntson GG. Social isolation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1231(1):17\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2022.24","volume":"11","author":"H Amieva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amieva H, Ouvrard-Brouillou C, Dartigues JF, Peres K, Tabue Teguo M, Avila-Funes A. Social vulnerability predicts frailty: towards a distinction between fragility and frailty?? J Frailty Aging. 2022;11(3):318\u201323.","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"5971_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2022.104659","volume":"100","author":"M Sugie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sugie M, Harada K, Nara M, Kugimiya Y, Takahashi T, Kitagou M, Kim H, Kyo S, Ito H. Prevalence, overlap, and interrelationships of physical, cognitive, psychological, and social frailty among community-dwelling older people in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022;100:104659.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"5971_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-90","volume":"14","author":"MK Andrew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrew MK, Keefe JM. Social vulnerability from a social ecology perspective: a cohort study of older adults from the National population health survey of Canada. BMC Geriatr. 2014;14:90.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"5971_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e637613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.015","volume":"18","author":"N Teo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teo N, Gao Q, Nyunt MSZ, Wee SL, Ng T-P. Social frailty and functional disability: findings from the Singapore longitudinal ageing studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(7):e637613\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"5971_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12696","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Jiang X, Shi G, Wang Y, Chu X, Wang Z, Guo J, Zhu Y, Chen J, Wang X, et al. Social frailty and longitudinal risk of depressive symptoms in a Chinese population: the Rugao longevity and aging study. Psychogeriatrics. 2021;21(4):483\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.2018.22.1.3","volume":"22","author":"H Makizako","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Shimada H, Arai H. Social frailty among Community-Dwelling older adults: recommended assessments and implications. Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2018;22(1):3\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Geriatr Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.04.006","volume":"107","author":"CI Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen CI, Benyaminov R, Rahman M, Ngu D, Reinhardt M. Frailty: A multidimensional biopsychosocial syndrome. Med Clin North Am. 2023;107(1):183\u201397.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"5971_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5971_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2001.58","volume":"1","author":"AB Mitnitski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitnitski AB, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. ScientificWorldJournal. 2001;1:323\u201336.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.2.281","volume":"21","author":"N Steverink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steverink N, Lindenberg S. Which social needs are important for subjective well-being? What happens to them with aging? Psychol Aging. 2006;21(2):281\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr176","volume":"41","author":"MK Andrew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrew MK, Mitnitski A, Kirkland SA, Rockwood K. The impact of social vulnerability on the survival of the fittest older adults. Age Ageing. 2012;41(2):161\u20135.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"5971_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.04.004","volume":"83","author":"M Yoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoo M, Kim S, Kim BS, Yoo J, Lee S, Jang HC, Cho BL, Son SJ, Lee JH, Park YS, et al. Moderate hearing loss is related with social frailty in a community-dwelling older adults: the Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;83:126\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"5971_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124239","volume":"17","author":"K Pek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pek K, Chew J, Lim JP, Yew S, Tan CN, Yeo A, Ding YY, Lim WS. Social frailty is independently associated with mood, nutrition, physical performance, and physical activity: insights from a theory-guided approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(12):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2023.2195291","volume":"50","author":"C Irshad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Irshad C, Govil D, Sahoo H. Social frailty among older adults in India: findings from the longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) - Wave 1. Exp Aging Res. 2024;50(3):331\u201347.","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/13284200600939918","volume":"10","author":"DM Pinsker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pinsker DM, Stone V, Pachana N, Greenspan S. Social vulnerability scale for older adults: validation study. Clin Psychol. 2006;10(3):109\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2011.584049","volume":"23","author":"DM Pinsker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinsker DM, McFarland K, Stone VE. The social vulnerability scale for older adults: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic study. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2011;23(3):246\u201372.","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-9552.2011.00003.x","volume":"15","author":"DM Pinsker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinsker DM. Clinical application of the social vulnerability scale: three illustrative case reports of patients with dementia. Clin Psychol. 2011;15(1):33\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5971_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002232","volume":"3","author":"MK Andrew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andrew MK, Mitnitski AB, Rockwood K. Social vulnerability, frailty and mortality in elderly people. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(5):e2232.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs047","volume":"42","author":"J Garre-Olmo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garre-Olmo J, Calvo-Perxas L, Lopez-Pousa S, de Gracia Blanco M, Vilalta-Franch J. Prevalence of frailty phenotypes and risk of mortality in a community-dwelling elderly cohort. Age Ageing. 2013;42(1):46\u201351.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"5971_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunt S, Steverink N, Andrew MK, Van Der Schans CP, Hobbelen H. Cross-cultural adaptation of the social vulnerability index for use in the Dutch context. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017, 14(11).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111387"},{"key":"5971_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper F, Lewis EG, Urasa S, Whitton L, Collin H, Coles S, Wood GK, Ali AM, Mdegella D, Mkodo J et al. Social vulnerability, frailty, and their association with mortality in older adults living in rural Tanzania. The journals of gerontology series A, biological sciences and medical sciences 2022, 77(10):2050\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glac066"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2022.0020.07042022","volume":"141","author":"VAM Damasceno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damasceno VAM, Zazzetta MS, Orlandi FS. Translation, adaptation, and reliability of a social frailty scale for the Brazilian context: a methodological study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2023;141(1):45\u201350.","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01968-y","volume":"34","author":"T Inoue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Inoue T, Maeda K, Satake S, Matsui Y, Arai H. Osteosarcopenia, the co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is associated with social frailty in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(3):535\u201343.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01814-2","volume":"20","author":"K Nagai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagai K, Tamaki K, Kusunoki H, Wada Y, Tsuji S, Itoh M, Sano K, Amano M, Hayashitani S, Yokoyama R, et al. Physical frailty predicts the development of social frailty: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):403.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"5971_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kodama A, Kume Y, Lee S, Makizako H, Shimada H, Takahashi T, Ono T, Ota H. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic exacerbation of depressive symptoms for social frailty from the ORANGE registry. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022, 19(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020986"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14330","volume":"22","author":"Y Kume","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kume Y, Kodama A, Takahashi T, Lee S, Makizako H, Ono T, Shimada H, Ota H. Social frailty is independently associated with geriatric depression among older adults living in Northern Japan: A cross-sectional study of ORANGE registry. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2022;22(2):145\u201351.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"5971_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13734","volume":"19","author":"S Nakakubo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakakubo S, Doi T, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Kurita S, Kim M, Ishii H, Suzuki T, Shimada H. Association of sleep condition and social frailty in community-dwelling older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(9):885\u20139.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"5971_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13785","volume":"19","author":"T Hirase","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hirase T, Makizako H, Okubo Y, Lord SR, Inokuchi S, Okita M. Chronic pain is independently associated with social frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(11):1153\u20136.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0595-0","volume":"17","author":"SH van Oostrom","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Oostrom SH, van der Rietman AD, Picavet ML, Lette HSJ, Verschuren M, de Bruin WMM, Spijkerman SR. A four-domain approach of frailty explored in the Doetinchem cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):196.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02364-x","volume":"21","author":"L Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye L, Elstgeest LEM, Zhang X, Alhambra-Borr\u00e1s T, Tan SS, Raat H. Factors associated with physical, psychological and social frailty among community-dwelling older persons in Europe: a cross-sectional study of urban health centres Europe (UHCE). BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):422.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"5971_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gobbens RJJ, Kuiper S, Dijkshoorn H, van Assen MALM. Associations of individual chronic diseases and Multimorbidity with multidimensional frailty. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024, 117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105259"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac157","volume":"78","author":"JD Henry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Henry JD, Coundouris SP, Mead J, Thompson B, Hubbard RE, Grainger SA. Social frailty in late adulthood: social cognitive and psychological Well-Being correlates. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023;78(1):87\u201396.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01309.x","volume":"13","author":"JW Shega","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shega JW, Andrew M, Hemmerich J, Cagney KA, Ersek M, Weiner DK, Dale W. The relationship of pain and cognitive impairment with social Vulnerability-An analysis of the Canadian study of health and aging. Pain Med. 2012;13(2):190\u20137.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"5971_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104597","volume":"99","author":"T Doi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Ishii H, Nakakubo S, Kurita S, Kiuchi Y, Nishimoto K, Shimada H. Impact of social frailty on the association between driving status and disability in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022;99:104597.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"5971_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Makino K, Nakakubo S, Sakimoto F, Matsuda S, Shimada H. Combined social frailty and Life-Space activities associated with risk of disability: A prospective cohort study. J Frailty Aging 2024.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3271862\/v1"},{"key":"5971_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103651","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1103651","volume":"11","author":"QQ Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun QQ, Tan K, Tang HY, Liu YY, Zhu H, Qin H, Xia X, Zhang M, Chen YY, Nie SS, et al. Incidence and predictive value of social frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Southwest China: A prospective cohort study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1103651.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13571","volume":"19","author":"H Makizako","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makizako H, Kubozono T, Kiyama R, Takenaka T, Kuwahata S, Tabira T, Kanoya T, Horinouchi K, Shimada H, Ohishi M. Associations of social frailty with loss of muscle mass and muscle weakness among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(1):76\u201380.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"5971_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02466-6","volume":"21","author":"CH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang CH, Okada K, Matsushita E, Uno C, Satake S, Martins BA, Kuzuya M. The association of social frailty with intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):515.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"5971_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104555","volume":"98","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Noguchi T, Kubo Y, Tomiyama N, Ochi A, Hayashi H. Social frailty and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in Japan: role of home exercise habits. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022;98:104555.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1298\/ptr.E10085","volume":"24","author":"T Noguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noguchi T, Nojima I, Inoue-Hirakawa T, Sugiura H. Association between social frailty and sleep quality among Community-dwelling older adults: A Cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Res. 2021;24(2):153\u201362.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5971_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13696","volume":"20","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Hu Z, Jiang S, Hao M, Li Y, Liu Y, Jiang XY, Jin L, Wang X. Social frailty and the incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 2024;20(4):2329\u201339.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"5971_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armstrong JJ, Mitnitski A, Andrew MK, Launer LJ, White LR, Rockwood K. Cumulative impact of health deficits, social vulnerabilities, and protective factors on cognitive dynamics in late life: A multistate modeling approach. Alzheimer\u2019s Res Therapy 2015, 7(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0120-7"},{"key":"5971_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park H, Jang IY, Lee HY, Jung HW, Lee E, Kim DH. Screening value of social frailty and its association with physical frailty and disability in community-dwelling older Koreans: aging study of Pyeongchang rural area. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019, 16(16).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16162809"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020818","volume":"18","author":"H Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko H, Jung S. Association of social frailty with physical health, cognitive function, psychological health, and life satisfaction in community-dwelling older Koreans. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5971_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makizako H, Shimada H, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Makino K, Lee S. Social frailty leads to the development of physical frailty among physically non-frail adults: A four-year follow-up longitudinal cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018, 15(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030490"},{"issue":"5","key":"5971_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20220830-01","volume":"15","author":"C Pollak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pollak C, Wexler SS, Drury L. Effect of a robotic pet on social and physical frailty in Community-Dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2022;15(5):229\u201337.","journal-title":"Res Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"5971_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millan-Domingo F, Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Carretero A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Vina J, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Real-Life Outcomes of a Multicomponent Exercise Intervention in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults and Its Association with Nutritional-Related Factors. Nutrients 2022, 14(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235147"},{"issue":"5","key":"5971_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.01.019","volume":"17","author":"FJ Tarazona-Santabalbina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Perez-Ros P, Martinez-Arnau FM, Cabo H, Tsaparas K, Salvador-Pascual A, Rodriguez-Manas L, Vina J. A multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses frailty and improves cognition, emotion, and social networking in the Community-Dwelling frail elderly: A randomized clinical trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(5):426\u201333.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"5971_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01149-5","volume":"46","author":"A Snigdha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Snigdha A, Majumdar V, Manjunath NK, Jose A. Yoga-based lifestyle intervention for healthy ageing in older adults: a two-armed, waitlist randomized controlled trial with multiple primary outcomes. Geroscience. 2024;46(6):6039\u201354.","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"5971_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.2628","volume":"32","author":"P Satsanasupint","year":"2022","unstructured":"Satsanasupint P, Daovisan H, Phukrongpet P. Enhancing active ageing in later life: can community networks enhance elderly health behaviours? Insights from a bracketing qualitative method. J Community Appl Social Psychol. 2022;32(6):1133\u201347.","journal-title":"J Community Appl Social Psychol"},{"key":"5971_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S315775","volume":"14","author":"K Yodmai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yodmai K, Somrongthong R, Nanthamongkolchai S, Suksatan W. Effects of the older family network program on improving quality of life among older adults in Thailand. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:1373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"12","key":"5971_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1839858","volume":"25","author":"K Harada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harada K, Masumoto K, Katagiri K, Fukuzawa A, Touyama M, Sonoda D, Chogahara M, Kondo N, Okada S. Three-year effects of neighborhood social network intervention on mental and physical health of older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2021;25(12):2235\u201345.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"5971_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohta T, Osuka Y, Shida T, Daimaru K, Kojima N, Maruo K, Iizuka A, Kitago M, Fujiwara Y, Sasai H. Feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a mobile health application for Community-Dwelling older adults with frailty and Pre-Frailty: A pilot study. Nutrients 2024, 16(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081181"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0293340","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293340","volume":"19","author":"S Kiah Hui Siew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiah Hui Siew S, Yu J, Teo TL, Chua KC, Mahendran R, Rawtaer I. Technology and physical activity for preventing cognitive and physical decline in older adults: protocol of a pilot RCT. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0293340.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5971_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2021.03.015","volume":"42","author":"R De Luca","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Luca R, Torrisi M, Bramanti A, Maggio MG, Anchesi S, Andaloro A, Caliri S, De Cola MC, Calabro RS. A multidisciplinary telehealth approach for community dwelling older adults. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(3):635\u201342.","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"5971_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.03.010","volume":"21","author":"Y Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee Y, Chon D, Kim J, Ki S, Yun J. The predictive value of social frailty on adverse outcomes in older adults living in the community. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(10):1464\u2013e14691462.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5971_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.01.009","volume":"6","author":"A Alzheimer\u2019s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s A. 2010 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2010;6(2):158\u201394.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"5","key":"5971_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5600","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-966","volume":"10","author":"LL Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong LL, Tao FY. The effect of biopsychosocial holistic care models on the cognitive function and quality of life of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized trial. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(5):5600\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"5971_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento MGG, Martins PCF, Resck ZMR, D\u00e1zio EMR, Terra FS. Self-care to elderly after cerebrovascular accident: caregiver and academics experiences. Revista Da Rede De Enfermagem Do Nordeste 2015, 16(5).","DOI":"10.15253\/2175-6783.2015000500009"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T04:05:37Z","timestamp":1747109137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-05971-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declaration"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"329"}}