{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:27:27Z","timestamp":1783650447732,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T02:44:45Z","timestamp":1751424285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development and validation of a predictive model for sarcopenia risk in older Chinese adults based on key factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qianwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huamin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangqun","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6104_CR1","unstructured":"National bureau of statistics of China. Seventh National Population Census of China, 2020. Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16\u201331.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"6104_CR3","unstructured":"World health organization. International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/icd.who.int\/."},{"issue":"7","key":"6104_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203718666170607113459","volume":"19","author":"F Landi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landi F, Calvani R, Cesari M, et al. Sarcopenia: an overview on current definitions, diagnosis and treatment. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2018;19(7):633\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"6104_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02801-5","volume":"22","author":"S Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin S, Zhang H, Li Q, et al. Development and validation of the PRE-SARC model: a predictive risk model for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Western China. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22:113.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01873-w","volume":"29","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q, Cheng H, Cen W, et al. Development and validation of a predictive model for the risk of sarcopenia in the older adults in China. Eur J Med Res. 2024;29(1):278.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, et al. Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6104_CR8","first-page":"903","volume":"12","author":"LK Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, et al. Sleep duration and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(4):903\u201311.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"6104_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300-307.e2.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"6104_CR10","first-page":"551","volume":"20","author":"X Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen X, Wang M, Jiang CM, et al. Anthropometric equation for estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Chinese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):551\u20136.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"6104_CR11","first-page":"655","volume":"34","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Y, Gao M, Liu D, et al. The relationship between physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(4):655\u201369.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"6104_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<608::AID-GPS991>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"14","author":"KW Boey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boey KW. Cross-validation of a short form of the CES-D in Chinese elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14(8):608\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00545-w","volume":"105","author":"C Beaudart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beaudart C, Rolland Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, et al. Assessment of muscle function and physical performance in daily clinical practice. Calcif Tissue Int. 2019;105(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"6104_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2011.00771.x","volume":"73","author":"R Tibshirani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tibshirani R. Regression shrinkage and selection via the Lasso: A retrospective. J R Stat Soc B. 2011;73(3):273\u201382.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"key":"6104_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, et al. pROC: An open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics. 2011;12:77.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"6104_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lele SR, Keim JL, Solymos P. Resourceselection: resource selection (probability) functions for use-availability data. r package version 0.3 - 5. Published online 2010. Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/ResourceSelection\/index.html.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.ResourceSelection"},{"key":"6104_CR17","unstructured":"Signorell A. Desctools: tools for descriptive statistics. R Package Version 0.99.48. Published online 2021. Available at:\u00a0https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/DescTools\/index.html."},{"issue":"6","key":"6104_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","volume":"26","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, Elkin EB. Decision curve analysis: A novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Making. 2006;26(6):565\u201374.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"2","key":"6104_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"89","author":"FE Harrell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. An R package for fitting and validating restricted cubic splines in regression models. J Stat Softw. 2019;89(2):1\u201330.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"6104_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1295-6","volume":"24","author":"X Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu X, Hou L, Guo J, et al. Combined effect of osteoporosis and poor dynamic balance on the incidence of sarcopenia in elderly Chinese community suburban-dwelling individuals. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24:71\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"6104_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00015","volume":"11","author":"EG Estell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Estell EG, Rosen CJ, Wood RJ. Hormonal regulation of skeletal muscle. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:15.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6104_CR22","first-page":"2048","volume":"13","author":"WJ Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Peng LN, Chiou ST, et al. High serum insulin-like growth factor - 1 level predicts muscle mass preservation in older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(4):2048\u201356.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"6104_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2007.10.002","volume":"18","author":"M Zamboni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18(5):388\u201395.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6104_CR24","first-page":"245","volume":"71","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, et al. Sleep duration and muscle mass: a longitudinal study in older Chinese adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71(2):245\u201353.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"6104_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0666-6","volume":"15","author":"PM Krueger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krueger PM, Reither EN. Mind the gap: race\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2015;15(11):95.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013474","volume":"8","author":"J Shlisky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shlisky J, Bloom DE, Beaudreault AR, et al. Nutritional considerations for healthy aging and reduction in age-related chronic disease. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(1):17\u201326.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"6104_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu099","volume":"70","author":"M Cesari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cesari M, Vellas B, Hsu FC, et al. A physical activity intervention to treat the frailty syndrome in older persons - results from the LIFE - P study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(2):216\u201322.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR28","first-page":"95","volume":"65","author":"DE Alley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alley DE, Koster A, Mackey D, et al. Hospitalization and change in body composition and strength in a population-based cohort of older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;65(1):95\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6104_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","volume":"14","author":"JE Morley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(6):392\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"6104_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372","volume":"68","author":"S Bhasin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhasin S, Travison TG, Manini TM, et al. Sarcopenia definition: the position statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(7):1410\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"6104_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.253203","volume":"591","author":"DJ Wilkinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilkinson DJ, Hossain T, Hill DS, et al. Effects of leucine and its metabolite \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. J Physiol. 2013;591(11):2911\u201323.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6104_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs191","volume":"42","author":"AA Sayer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sayer AA, Robinson SM, Patel HP, et al. New horizons in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. Age Ageing. 2013;42(2):145\u201350.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"6104_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328358d59b","volume":"24","author":"J Walston","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walston J. Sarcopenia in older adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24(6):623\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6104_CR34","first-page":"1511","volume":"68","author":"LA Schaap","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schaap LA, van Schoor NM, Lips P, et al. Visceral fat is negatively associated with muscle density in older adults: results from the Netherlands cohort study on obesity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(7):1511\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"6104_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3).","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"issue":"5","key":"6104_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-5-455","volume":"16","author":"R Dodds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dodds R, Sayer AA. Sarcopenia and frailty: new challenges for clinical practice. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16(5):455\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6104_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(01)00574-3","volume":"17","author":"JE Morley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morley JE. Anorexia, sarcopenia, and aging. Nutrition. 2001;17(7\u20138):660\u20133.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"6104_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.4.418","volume":"166","author":"TM Gill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gill TM, Gahbauer EA, Allore HG, et al. Transitions between frailty states among community-living older persons. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(4):418\u201323.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6104_CR39","first-page":"24","volume":"13","author":"TJ Wilkinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkinson TJ, Hossain T, Hill DS, et al. Impact of exercise interventions on muscle mass and physical function in sarcopenic individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(1):24\u201339.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T02:44:51Z","timestamp":1751424291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06104-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4851355\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all participants involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"464"}}