{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:29:18Z","timestamp":1793996958568,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:30:03Z","timestamp":1751416203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Sarcopenic obesity is linked to worse clinical outcomes than sarcopenia or obesity alone in hospitalized older adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kamile","family":"Silay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hande","family":"Selvi Oztorun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12411","volume":"10","author":"SSY Yeung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeung SSY, Reijnierse EM, Pham VK, Trappenburg MC, Lim WK, Meskers CGM. Maier. Sarcopenia and its association with falls and fractures in older adults: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(3):485\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"6105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05322-5","volume":"24","author":"LC Venegas-Sanabria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venegas-Sanabria LC, Borda MG, Murcia-Soriano LF, Ramos-Caballero DM, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Garcia-Laguna G. Vargas-Pinilla. Unveiling a hidden burden: exploring sarcopenia in hospitalized older patients through concordance and cluster analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):892.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6105_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.152488","volume":"106","author":"M Hamer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamer M, O\u2019Donovan G. Sarcopenic obesity, weight loss, and mortality: the english longitudinal study of ageing. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(1):125\u201329.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"6105_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2023.2267672","volume":"18","author":"DC Gross","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gross DC, Cheever CR, Batsis JA. Understanding the development of sarcopenic obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2023;18(6):469\u201388.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"6105_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04955-w","volume":"24","author":"H Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang H, Li R, Li R, Lian R, Chen X, Jiang W, Jiang J, Yang M. Sarcopenic obesity in nursing home residents: A Multi-Center study on diagnostic methods and their association with instrumental activities of daily living. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):446.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"6105_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donini LM, Busetto L, Bischoff SC, Cederholm T, Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Batsis JA, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Dicker D, Frara S, Fr\u00fchbeck G, Genton L, Gepner Y, Giustina A, Gonzalez MC, Han HS, Heymsfield SB, Higashiguchi T, Laviano A, Lenzi A, Nyulasi I, Parrinello E, Poggiogalle E, Prado CM, Salvador J, Rolland Y, Santini F, Serlie MJ, Shi H, Sieber CC, Siervo M, Vettor R, Villareal DT, Volkert D, Yu J, Zamboni M. and R. Barazzoni. Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: Espen and Easo Consensus Statement. Obes Facts 15, no. 3 (2022): 321\u2013\u200935.","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241"},{"issue":"11","key":"6105_CR7","first-page":"e49601","volume":"15","author":"V Maheshwari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maheshwari V, Basu S. Sarcopenic obesity burden, determinants, and association with risk of frailty, falls, and functional impairment in older adults with diabetes: A propensity score matching analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(11):e49601.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"6105_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murawiak M, Krzymi\u0144ska-Siemaszko R, Kalu\u017aniak-Szymanowska A, Lewandowicz M, Tobis S, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. and E. Deskur-\u015amielecka. Sarcopenia, Obesity, Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Poor Nutritional Status in Polish Community-Dwelling Older People Aged 60 Years and Over. Nutrients 14, no. 14 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142889"},{"key":"6105_CR9","unstructured":"Https:\/. \/Obs.Saglik.Gov.Tr\/Account\/Login. https:\/\/obs.saglik.gov.tr\/Account\/Login (."},{"key":"6105_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, Sidney %J J Am Med Assoc. The index of adl: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. 185 (1963): 914\u201319.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016"},{"issue":"3","key":"6105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","volume":"9","author":"MP Lawton","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: Self-Maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):179\u201386.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"6105_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000062967","volume":"1","author":"Y Guigoz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guigoz Y, Vellas B. The Mini nutritional assessment (Mna) for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients: presentation of the mna, history and validation. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme. 1999;1:3\u201311. discussion 11\u2013\u20092.","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme"},{"key":"6105_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thal LJ, Grundman M, Golden R. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Correlational Analysis of the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration Test and the Mini-Mental State Exam. Neurology 36, no. 2 (1986): 262-4.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.2.262"},{"issue":"6","key":"6105_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.02.002","volume":"35","author":"G Bahat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bahat G, Tufan A, Tufan F, Kilic C, Akpinar TS, Kose M, Erten N, Karan MA. Cruz-Jentoft. Cut-Off points to identify sarcopenia according to European working group on sarcopenia in older people (Ewgsop) definition. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1557\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I. and A. Mitnitski. A Global Clinical Measure of Fitness and Frailty in Elderly People. Cmaj 173, no. 5 (2005): 489\u2013\u200995.","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051"},{"issue":"2","key":"6105_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.2.465","volume":"89","author":"I Janssen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Baumgartner RN, Ross R. Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89(2):465\u201371.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6105_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw214","volume":"46","author":"V Hirani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirani V, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Seibel MJ, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Cumming RG. Longitudinal associations between body composition, sarcopenic obesity and outcomes of frailty, disability, institutionalisation and mortality in Community-Dwelling older men: the concord health and ageing in men project. Age Ageing. 2017;46(3):413\u201320.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"6105_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavazzotto TG, de Campos CDV, Mazur CE, da Silva DF, Val\u00e9rio JMS, Vieira ER. Wcfn da Silva, and J. S. Bonini. Association between Cognitive Performance and Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Dement Neuropsychol 16, no. 1 (2022): 28\u201332.","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-dn-2021-0039"},{"key":"6105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S164113","volume":"13","author":"MI Tolea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolea MI, Chrisphonte S. Galvin. Sarcopenic obesity and cognitive performance. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:1111\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"6105_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng XF, Liu SW, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang YC, Liu CF, Zhu JT, Hu H. Relationship between Sarcopenic Obesity and Cognitive Function in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 6 (2023): 944\u2013\u200953.","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.13015"},{"issue":"5","key":"6105_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.03.017","volume":"41","author":"Y Someya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Someya Y, Tamura Y, Kaga H, Sugimoto D, Kadowaki S, Suzuki R, Aoki S, Hattori N, Motoi Y, Shimada K, Daida H, Ishijima M, Kaneko K, Nojiri S, Kawamori R. Watada. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with cognitive impairment in Community-Dwelling older adults: the Bunkyo health study. Clin Nutr. 2022;41(5):1046\u201351.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"6105_CR22","first-page":"539","volume":"43","author":"U Booranasuksakul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Booranasuksakul U, Macdonald IA, Stephan BCM, Siervo M. Body composition, sarcopenic obesity, and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the National health and nutrition examination survey (Nhanes) 1999\u20132002 and 2011\u20132014. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2024;43(6):539\u201352.","journal-title":"J Am Nutr Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"6105_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2015.04.005","volume":"31","author":"F Landi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Landi F, Calvani R, Cesari M, Tosato M, Martone AM, Bernabei R, Onder G, Marzetti E. Sarcopenia as the biological substrate of physical frailty. Clin Geriatr Med. 2015;31(3):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6105_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13055","volume":"13","author":"A \u00c1lvarez-Bustos","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Bustos A, Carnicero-Carre\u00f1o JA, Davies B, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Rodr\u00edguez-Artalejo F, Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as L. Alonso-Bouz\u00f3n. Role of sarcopenia in the frailty transitions in older adults: A Population-Based cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(5):2352\u201360.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"6105_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e243604","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3604","volume":"7","author":"E Benz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benz E, Pinel A, Guillet C, Capel F, Pereira B, De Antonio M, Pouget M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Eglseer D, Topinkova E, Barazzoni R, Rivadeneira F, Ikram MA, Steur M, Voortman T, Schoufour JD, Weijs PJM, Boirie Y. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and mortality among older people. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(3):e243604.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"6105_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-023-01522-2","volume":"23","author":"SG Wannamethee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wannamethee SG, Atkins JL. Sarcopenic obesity and cardiometabolic health and mortality in older adults: A growing health concern in an ageing population. Curr Diab Rep. 2023;23(11):307\u201314.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"6105_CR27","first-page":"388","volume":"18","author":"M Zamboni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A. Vincenzo %J nutrition Di francesco, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Sarcopenic Obesity: New Category Obes Elder. 2008;18(5):388\u201395.","journal-title":"Sarcopenic Obesity: New Category Obes Elder"},{"issue":"1","key":"6105_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03617-z","volume":"22","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang M, Hu M, Zhang Y, Jia S, Sun X, Zhao W, Ge M, Dong B. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with frailty among Community-Dwelling older adults: findings from the Wchat study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):863.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"6105_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00943-z","volume":"20","author":"CM Prado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prado CM, Batsis JA, Donini LM, Gonzalez MC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A clinical overview. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2024;20(5):261\u201377.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"6105_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit S\u00fcleyman, Emre. Esra Ate\u015f bulut, Ali Ekrem ayd\u0131n, and Ahmet Turan %J clinical research i\u015f\u0131k. The association of obesity and sarcopenia in older adults: sarcopenic obesity. 31, 2 (2021): 187\u201394.","DOI":"10.5222\/terh.2021.49260"},{"key":"6105_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111308","volume":"144","author":"D Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim D, Lewis CL, Silverman AK. Gill. Changes in dynamic balance control in adults with obesity across walking speeds. J Biomech. 2022;144:111308.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"6105_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185221","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1185221","volume":"14","author":"S Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei S, Nguyen TT, Zhang Y, Ryu D, Gariani K. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, cardiovascular disease, mortality, and management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1185221.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6105_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00568","volume":"11","author":"M Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Tan Y, Shi Y, Wang X, Liao Z, Wei P. Diabetes and sarcopenic obesity: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:568.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6105_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong So-hyeon. and Kyung Mook Choi. Sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance, and their implications in cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. 21, 2 (2020): 494.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020494"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:30:11Z","timestamp":1751416211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee No. 1 of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital (Approval No: E1-22-2391, Date: 29\/06\/2022). Written informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"443"}}