{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T23:50:52Z","timestamp":1788047452308,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:44:26Z","timestamp":1758800666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of the QT interval prolongation and its risk factors in hospitalized geriatric patients: findings of a single center cross-sectional study in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Huma","family":"Tanveer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ashfaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Junaid Hassan","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mamoon","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qasim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zeeshan","family":"Haroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Bashatah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajid","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naji","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103520","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1103520","volume":"10","author":"YT Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang YT, Tzeng IS, Jang SJ, Liu KL, Hsieh CA, Chou HH, et al. Association between corrected QT interval and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients who had undergone endovascular therapy for lower extremity arterial disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1103520.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.067","volume":"47","author":"SM Straus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Straus SM, Kors JA, De Bruin ML, van der Hooft CS, Hofman A, Heeringa J, Deckers JW, Kingma JH, Sturkenboom MC, Stricker BH, et al. Prolonged QTc interval and risk of sudden cardiac death in a population of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(2):362\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"6418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104281","volume":"131","author":"A Alahmadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alahmadi A, Davies A, Royle J, Goodwin L, Cresswell K, Arain Z, et al. An explainable algorithm for detecting drug-induced QT-prolongation at risk of Torsades de pointes (TdP) regardless of heart rate and T-wave morphology. Comput Biol Med. 2021;131:104281.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"6418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175394472110588","DOI":"10.1177\/17539447211058892","volume":"15","author":"B Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"Das B, Ramasubbu SK, Agnihotri A, Kumar B, Rawat VS. Leading 20 drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, and analysis of the nature of risk factors due to QT interval prolonging drug use and potentially inappropriate psychotropic use in elderly psychiatry outpatients. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;15:17539447211058892.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"6418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14065","volume":"20","author":"T Kojima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kojima T, Mizokami F, Akishita M. Geriatric management of older patients with Multimorbidity. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020;20(12):1105\u201311.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6418_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0705-7","volume":"18","author":"M Guisado-Clavero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guisado-Clavero M, Roso-Llorach A, Lopez-Jimenez T, Pons-Vigues M, Foguet-Boreu Q, Munoz MA, et al. Multimorbidity patterns in the elderly: a prospective cohort study with cluster analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):16.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6418_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03279-x","volume":"22","author":"M Delara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delara M, Murray L, Jafari B, Bahji A, Goodarzi Z, Kirkham J, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):601.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"6418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0337-y","volume":"33","author":"C Franchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Franchi C, Ardoino I, Rossio R, Nobili A, Biganzoli EM, Marengoni A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with use of QT-prolonging drugs in hospitalized older people. Drugs Aging. 2016;33(1):53\u201361.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"6418_CR9","first-page":"61","volume":"10","author":"M Gustafsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gustafsson M, Altufaili M, Sj\u00f6lander M. Prevalence of drugs and drug combinations that increase risk of prolonged QT time among people with major neurocognitive disorder living in sweden: a cross-sectional registry study. Drugs. 2023;10(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"6418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-021-00234-x","volume":"8","author":"M Rossi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rossi M, Marzi F, Natale M, Porceddu A, Tuccori M, Lazzerini PE, et al. Drug-associated QTc prolongation in geriatric hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study in internal medicine. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2021;8(3):325\u201335.","journal-title":"Drugs Real World Outcomes"},{"key":"6418_CR11","unstructured":"Risk Categories for Drugs that Prolong QT & induce Torsades de Pointes (TdP.). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.crediblemeds.org\/index.php\/druglist. Access date 8 June 2024."},{"key":"6418_CR12","unstructured":"ATC\/DDD Index. 2024. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Retrieved from https:\/\/atcddd.fhi.no\/atc_ddd_index\/. Access date 6 Jul 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"6418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000502","volume":"60","author":"SW Rabkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabkin SW. Impact of age and sex on QT prolongation in patients receiving psychotropics. Can J Psychiatry. 2015;60(5):206\u201314.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1920.tb18266.x","volume":"53","author":"L Fridericia","year":"1920","unstructured":"Fridericia L. sense.-ED. L. Acta Med Scand. 1920;53:469.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"6418_CR15","unstructured":"Interactions. Retrieved from https:\/\/online.lexi.com\/lco\/action\/interact. Access date 5 May 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12969","volume":"82","author":"PA Moreno-Gutierrez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moreno-Gutierrez PA, Gaviria-Mendoza A, Canon MM, Machado-Alba JE. High prevalence of risk factors in elderly patients using drugs associated with acquired torsades de pointes chronically in Colombia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;82(2):504\u201311.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_132_16","volume":"8","author":"A Khandeparkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khandeparkar A, Rataboli PV. A study of harmful drug-drug interactions due to polypharmacy in hospitalized patients in Goa medical college. Perspect Clin Res. 2017;8(4):180\u20136.","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6418_CR18","first-page":"1269","volume":"31","author":"PS Chohan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chohan PS, Mittal R, Javed A. Antipsychotic medication and QT prolongation. Pak J Med Sci. 2015;31(5):1269\u201371.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"6418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.01.016","volume":"118","author":"Q Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan Q, Ismail M, Haider I, Ali Z. Prevalence of the risk factors for QT prolongation and associated drug-drug interactions in a cohort of medical inpatients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(1 Pt 1):109\u201315.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"6418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.01.013","volume":"88","author":"KH Haugaa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haugaa KH, Bos JM, Tarrell RF, Morlan BW, Caraballo PJ, Ackerman MJ. Institution-wide QT alert system identifies patients with a high risk of mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(4):315\u201325.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01617.x","volume":"54","author":"F De Ponti","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Ponti F, Poluzzi E, Vaccheri A, Bergman U, Bjerrum L, Ferguson J, et al. Non-antiarrhythmic drugs prolonging the QT interval: considerable use in seven countries. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;54(2):171\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-3583.102705","volume":"3","author":"AA Akintunde","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akintunde AA, Oyedeji AT, Familoni OB, Ayodele OE, Opadijo OG. QT interval prolongation and dispersion: epidemiology and clinical correlates in subjects with newly diagnosed systemic hypertension in Nigeria. J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2012;3(4):290\u20135.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dis Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1888","volume":"83","author":"A Algra","year":"1991","unstructured":"Algra A, Tijssen JG, Roelandt JR, Pool J, Lubsen J. QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Circulation. 1991;83(6):1888\u201394.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.14503\/THIJ-18-6872","volume":"47","author":"SS Gordon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gordon SS, Hollowed J, Hayase J, Macias C, Wang J, Middlekauff HR. Acquired long QT syndrome after acute myocardial infarction: a rare but potentially fatal entity. Tex Heart Inst J. 2020;47(2):163\u20134.","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.10.014","volume":"28","author":"MJ Armahizer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Armahizer MJ, Seybert AL, Smithburger PL, Kane-Gill SL. Drug-drug interactions contributing to QT prolongation in cardiac intensive care units. J Crit Care. 2013;28(3):243\u20139.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"6418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056456","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1056456","volume":"9","author":"T Mann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mann T, Moses A, Yesaulov A, Hochstadt A, Granot Y, Rosso R, et al. QT interval dynamics in patients with ST-elevation MI. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:1056456.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2000.tb00069.x","volume":"5","author":"A Pytlak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pytlak A, Piotrowski W. Prognostic significance of QTc interval for predicting total, cardiac, and ischemic heart disease mortality in community-based cohort from Warsaw Pol\u2010MONICA population. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2006;5(4):322\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.07.004","volume":"12","author":"B Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park B, Lee YJ. Metabolic syndrome and its components as risk factors for prolonged corrected QT interval in apparently healthy Korean men and women. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12(5):1298\u2013304.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2021.1900491","volume":"35","author":"EM Gavioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gavioli EM, Guardado N, Haniff F, Deiab N, Vider E. The risk of QTc prolongation with antiemetics in the palliative care setting: a narrative review. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2021;35(2):125\u201335.","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"issue":"5","key":"6418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw591","volume":"72","author":"JW Mason","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mason JW. Antimicrobials and QT prolongation. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(5):1272\u20134.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"6418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2018.31.1.3","volume":"31","author":"C Klivinyi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klivinyi C, Bornemann-Cimenti H. Pain medication and long QT syndrome. Korean J Pain. 2018;31(1):3\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"6418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-014-0188-y","volume":"31","author":"S Goutelle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goutelle S, Sidolle E, Ducher M, Caron J, Timour Q, Nony P, et al. Determinants of torsades de pointes in older patients with drug-associated long QT syndrome: a case-control study. Drugs Aging. 2014;31(8):601\u20139.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"6418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-017-0446-2","volume":"39","author":"E Vandael","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vandael E, Vandenberk B, Vandenberghe J, Spriet I, Willems R, Foulon V. Development of a risk score for QTc-prolongation: the RISQ-PATH study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017;39(2):424\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T11:44:29Z","timestamp":1758800669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06418-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was carried out after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of Medical Teaching Institute (MTI), Ayub Teaching Hospital (ATH), Abbottabad vide reference number RC-EA-2023\/172. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating patients and\/or their attendants. Participants were informed about the study and were assured about the confidentiality of their data. All study procedures were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines for human research. They were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point in time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"705"}}