{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:11:07Z","timestamp":1794244267746,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82570400\uff0cJMC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82570400\uff0cJMC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Medical Association Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Society Medical Nutrition Special Research Fund","award":["No.Z-2017-24-2403 FKL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.Z-2017-24-2403 FKL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Geriatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T03:55:14Z","timestamp":1772423714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and external validation of a sarcopenia risk prediction model in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qirui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QianWen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peijing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feika","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"32","key":"7202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac248","volume":"43","author":"PM Becher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Becher PM, Lund LH, Coats AJS, Savarese G. An update on global epidemiology in heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(32):3005\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"7202_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.65","volume":"14","author":"SM Dunlay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dunlay SM, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Epidemiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat reviews Cardiol. 2017;14(10):591\u2013602.","journal-title":"Nat reviews Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","volume":"21","author":"LK Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300-7.e2.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"7202_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: european consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412\u201323.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"7202_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12245","volume":"6","author":"H Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui H, Wang Z, Wu J, et al. Chinese expert consensus on prevention and intervention for elderly with sarcopenia (2023). Aging Med (Milton (NSW)). 2023;6(2):104\u201315.","journal-title":"Aging Med (Milton (NSW))"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23970","volume":"46","author":"R Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen R, Xu J, Wang Y, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with clinical outcomes in heart failure: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Cardiol. 2023;46(3):260\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7202_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01561-9","volume":"33","author":"W Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao W, Lu M, Wang X, Guo Y. The role of sarcopenia questionnaires in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(2):339\u201344.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"7202_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa117","volume":"28","author":"M Konishi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Konishi M, Kagiyama N, Kamiya K, et al. Impact of sarcopenia on prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021;28(9):1022\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.10.035","volume":"25","author":"S Shakuta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shakuta S, Noda T, Kamiya K, et al. Clinical impact of improvement in sarcopenia through cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024;25(3):514-20.e2.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"7202_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.12.014","volume":"39","author":"TC Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW, Chang YW, Kao TW. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(9):2695\u2013701.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"7202_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.013","volume":"17","author":"KV Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, Huang KC, Han DS. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(12):1164. .e7-.e15.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"7202_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0270-x","volume":"16","author":"M Steffl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steffl M, Bohannon RW, Petr M, Kohlikova E, Holmerova I. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for sarcopenia - a meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16:99.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932802","volume":"64","author":"M Steffl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steffl M, Bohannon RW, Petr M, Kohlikova E, Holmerova I. Relation between cigarette smoking and sarcopenia: meta-analysis. Physiol Res. 2015;64(3):419\u201326.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"7202_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.12.107","volume":"155","author":"SY Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park SY, Nomogram. An analogue tool to deliver digital knowledge. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;155(4):1793.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"7202_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08550814","volume":"10","author":"D Marcelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcelli D, Usvyat LA, Kotanko P, et al. Body composition and survival in dialysis patients: results from an international cohort study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrology: CJASN. 2015;10(7):1192\u2013200.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrology: CJASN"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01801-7","volume":"20","author":"S Church","year":"2020","unstructured":"Church S, Rogers E, Rockwood K, Theou O. A scoping review of the clinical frailty scale. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):393.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7202_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(03)00098-0","volume":"22","author":"J Kondrup","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh Scotland). 2003;22(4):415\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinburgh Scotland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2006.00573.x","volume":"12","author":"JM Morse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morse JM. The modified Morse fall scale. Int J Nurs Pract. 2006;12(3):174\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"40","key":"7202_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz641","volume":"40","author":"B Pieske","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pieske B, Tsch\u00f6pe C, de Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: a consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2019;40(40):3297\u2013317.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"14","key":"7202_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33000","volume":"9","author":"J Yin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yin J, Lu X, Qian Z, Xu W, Zhou X. New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcopenia in chronic heart failure. Theranostics. 2019;9(14):4019\u201329.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"7202_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1119-0","volume":"23","author":"B \u0130lhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u0130lhan B, Bahat G, Erdo\u011fan T, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 C, Karan MA. Anorexia is independently associated with decreased muscle mass and strength in community dwelling older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(2):202\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"7202_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs381","volume":"34","author":"S F\u00fclster","year":"2013","unstructured":"F\u00fclster S, Tacke M, Sandek A, et al. Muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the studies investigating co-morbidities aggravating heart failure (SICA-HF). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(7):512\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13832-9","volume":"11","author":"J Segal\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Segal\u00e9s J, Perdiguero E, Serrano AL, et al. Sestrin prevents atrophy of disused and aging muscles by integrating anabolic and catabolic signals. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):189.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7202_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00f3rdova A, Caballero-Garc\u00eda A, Noriega-Gonz\u00e1lez D, et al. Nitric-oxide-inducing factors on vitamin d changes in older people susceptible to suffer from sarcopenia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105938"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12424","volume":"6","author":"T Gagliano-Juc\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gagliano-Juc\u00e1 T, Storer TW, Pencina KM, et al. Testosterone does not affect agrin cleavage in mobility-limited older men despite improvement in physical function. Andrology. 2018;6(1):29\u201336.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23878-3","volume":"12","author":"MA Trolleb\u00f8","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trolleb\u00f8 MA, Skeie E, Revheim I, et al. Comparison of nutritional risk screening with NRS2002 and the GLIM diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in hospitalized patients. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):19743.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-022-01255-2","volume":"41","author":"A De","year":"2022","unstructured":"De A, Kumari S, Kaur A, et al. Hand-grip strength as a screening tool for sarcopenia in males with decompensated cirrhosis. Indian J gastroenterology: official J Indian Soc Gastroenterol. 2022;41(3):284\u201391.","journal-title":"Indian J gastroenterology: official J Indian Soc Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7202_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv192","volume":"45","author":"RM Dodds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dodds RM, Syddall HE, Cooper R, et al. Global variation in grip strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis of normative data. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):209\u201316.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"7202_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233372141771363","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721417713637","volume":"3","author":"K Stoever","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stoever K, Heber A, Eichberg S, Brixius K. Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Elderly Men With and Without Obesity. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2017;3:2333721417713637.","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-024-00500-y","volume":"43","author":"R Vaishya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaishya R, Misra A, Vaish A, Ursino N, D\u2019Ambrosi R. Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences. J Health Popul Nutr. 2024;43(1):7.","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"7202_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Western MJ, Malkowski OS. Associations of the Short physical performance battery (sppb) with adverse health outcomes in older adults: a 14-year follow-up from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316319"},{"issue":"4","key":"7202_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00138-7","volume":"32","author":"JD Finkelstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Finkelstein JD, Martin JJ, Homocysteine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2000;32(4):385\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03632-0","volume":"22","author":"B Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu B, Shen L, Zhu H, et al. Association between serum homocysteine and sarcopenia among hospitalized older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):896.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"7202_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051047","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.1051047","volume":"13","author":"H Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu H, Luo G, Sun T, Tang Q. Causal effects of homocysteine levels on the components of sarcopenia: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet. 2022;13:1051047.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7202_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H325","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00099.2015","volume":"309","author":"S Veeranki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veeranki S, Lominadze D, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia inhibits satellite cell regenerative capacity through p38 alpha\/beta MAPK signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015;309(2):H325\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"7202_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525389","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1525389","volume":"12","author":"ZQ Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie ZQ, Xie Q, Zheng XY, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of the relationship between cardiac function and plasma homocysteine levels in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1525389.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"7202_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charalampidis P, Teperikidis E, Boulmpou A et al. Homocysteine as a predictor of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-related events: a scoping review of the literature. diagnostics (Basel Switzerland). 2022;12(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092192"},{"issue":"4","key":"7202_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-018-1016-4","volume":"41","author":"J Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim H, Roh H, Kwon Y. Causes of hyperhomocysteinemia and its pathological significance. Arch Pharm Res. 2018;41(4):372\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"7202_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110355","volume":"96","author":"SE Bollen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, et al. The Vitamin D\/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal. 2022;96:110355.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"7202_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04246-3","volume":"5","author":"J Salles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salles J, Chanet A, Guillet C, et al. Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia. Commun biology. 2022;5(1):1288.","journal-title":"Commun biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7202_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2021.03.005","volume":"17","author":"MG Ananthram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ananthram MG, Gottlieb SS. Renal dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Clin. 2021;17(3):357\u201367.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"18","key":"7202_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.049","volume":"81","author":"BA Borlaug","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borlaug BA, Sharma K, Shah SJ, Ho JE. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: JACC scientific statement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(18):1810\u201334.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:31:07Z","timestamp":1775568667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07202-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No: KY2021-108). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual person\u2019s data or images are presented.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"471"}}