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Cultivating compassion is associated with better psychological health and wellbeing and may therefore act as a protective factor against the adverse emotional impacts of caregiving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to: (1) understand carers\u2019 experiences, including the barriers and facilitators to cultivating and maintaining compassion when caring for older adults; (2) identify the tools that have been used to assess the experience of compassion in carers and to determine if they have been developed with this population; (3) explore if compassion as experienced by carers is related to other health and wellbeing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a search across five electronic databases from inception to December 2025. Eligible peer-reviewed studies reported qualitative and\/or quantitative data on experiences of compassion among family carers of older adults (aged\u2009&gt;\u200965\u00a0years), or people living with dementia. Study quality was appraised using the Hawker tool. We used a narrative approach to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine papers reporting 28 studies were included. Qualitative synthesis identified compassion as primarily other-directed, relational, and grounded in love, moral obligation, and identity. Compassion was facilitated by attachment, meaning, and alignment with carers\u2019 values, but undermined by emotional over-identification, chronic responsibility, fatigue, guilt, and limited support. Quantitative studies used a wide range of compassion-related constructs and measures, none of which were developed with carers. Quantitative evidence showed consistent associations between higher self-compassion and better psychological wellbeing, adaptive coping, and lower burden. Findings for compassion directed toward others were mixed, with emotionally over-engaged forms associated with distress, while motivational or value-based compassion was linked to more positive caregiving appraisals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compassion in caregiving is a complex and relational phenomenon that can be both sustaining and burdensome. While self-compassion and receiving compassion from others appear protective, unbuffered compassion for others may increase vulnerability to distress. Future research should prioritise longitudinal designs, carer-specific measures of compassion, and interventions that support sustainable, relationally grounded compassion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42019134233, registered 22 May 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-026-07523-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1777259815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review of family carers' experience of compassion when caring for older adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Joel F.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pepsi","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuriye","family":"Kupeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"7523_CR1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK (ARUK). 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