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This can lead to preventable risks and medication errors which can harm the care recipients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify (1) medication safety risks, (2) medication errors, (3) contributing factors to the identified medication errors, and (4) the safeguards currently applied at home to avoid medication errors in family caregiving of older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The qualitative study involved 21 officially contracted family caregivers and their older (\u2265\u200965 years) care recipients who used\u2009\u2265\u20091 prescription medicine recruited from the capital area of Finland. The data were collected during two consecutive home visits using: (1) thematic interviews, (2) observations, and (3) medication reviews during the period of October 2017 to September 2018. The data were qualitatively content analyzed by applying a deductive approach. Human error theory with systems approach and prospective risk management was used as a theoretical framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication safety risks and medication errors were found in all caregiving families. Most of the identified risks were related to administration, especially to characteristics of medications, medication taking techniques, behavior, and instructions. Medication errors occurred in storage, dispensing, administration, and follow-up. The most common identified medication errors were administration errors such as dose omission, wrong time, improper dose, and wrong duration. The most common contributing factors identified were related to administration errors. They included family caregiver-related factors (risky behavior), patient-related factors (e.g., behavioral factors such as non-compliance\/non-adherence), organizational\/service factors (e.g., medication use processes at home such as unsupervised medication taking), work\/environmental factors (unlocked medication storage), and external factors (medication-related factors, lack of knowledge about medicines). As safeguards to prevent risks and medication errors, caregiving families commonly used pill dispensers, supervised medication taking, adjusted the medication taking schedule according to daily routines, used a cup to dispense medicines, and used a medication administration list.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication safety risks and medication errors in family caregiving of older adults most related to the administration phase of the medication use process. Sufficient medicines information, information about medication management, up-to-date medication lists, locked medication storage, and enhanced pharmacists\u2019 involvement in patient and caregiver education could be among actions needed for improving medication safety at home in family caregiving of older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:05:42Z","timestamp":1780031142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Medication safety in family caregiving of older adults: home visits including interviews, observations, and medication reviews"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Kiiski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6077-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marja","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveliina","family":"Karasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Desselle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Pohjanoksa-M\u00e4ntyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0390-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirkka-Liisa","family":"Kivel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7721_CR1","unstructured":"Tillman P, Kalliomaa-Puha L, Mikkola H. 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Ethical principles of research in the humanities and social and behavioral sciences and proposals for ethical review. 2009 2009."}],"container-title":["BMC Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:48:22Z","timestamp":1785800902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-026-07721-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this study, good ethical and scientific practice was followed according to the Finnish National Advisory Board on Research Integrity and WMA Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [\n                      \n                      ]. The hospital district of the Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) Ethics Committee has made the ethical evaluation for this study and approved the study (HUS\/3537\/2017).The privacy statement was made in May 2018, according to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The privacy statement was provided to all study participants during the first interview. The privacy statement clarified how the research data is handled, stored, and destroyed after completing the study.An informed written consent was voluntarily signed by patients in the beginning of the first home visit.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented that compromise anonymity, thus not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1006"}}