{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:38:05Z","timestamp":1778963885893,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]],"date-time":"2015-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T17:11:46Z","timestamp":1422637906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pulmonary tuberculosis in outpatients in Sabah, Malaysia: advanced disease but low incidence of HIV co-infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"William","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai Khew","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsin Wen","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Anstey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna P","family":"Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"758_CR1","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2014.08. [http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/137094\/1\/9789241564809_eng.pdf?ua=1]"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"758_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2003.08.014","volume":"84","author":"K Iyawoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iyawoo K. Tuberculosis in Malaysia: problems and prospect of treatment and control. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2004;84(1\u20132):4\u20137.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"9","key":"758_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0585","volume":"15","author":"C Rundi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rundi C, Fielding K, Godfrey-Faussett P, Rodrigues LC, Mangtani P. Delays in seeking treatment for symptomatic tuberculosis in Sabah, East Malaysia: factors for patient delay. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15(9):1231\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"758_CR4","volume-title":"7th Public Health Colloquium, Sabah State Health Department","author":"DC Paul","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paul DC, Chew A, Yau NL, Hollip KC, Tangkanggau F, Lasimin S, et al. Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: a laboratory perspective (conference poster abstract). In: 7th Public Health Colloquium, Sabah State Health Department. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Ming Garden Hotel; 2012."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"758_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2003.08.002","volume":"84","author":"JF Dony","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dony JF, Ahmad J, Khen Tiong Y. Epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy, Sabah, Malaysia. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2004;84(1\u20132):8\u201318.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"758_CR6","unstructured":"Department of Statistics Malaysia. Population and Housing Census of Malaysia: Preliminary Count Report. 2010. In: http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20101227065717\/http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.my\/ccount12\/click.php?id=2127. Accessed September 2014."},{"key":"758_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645362","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/645362","volume":"2012","author":"SA Syed Suleiman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Syed Suleiman SA, Ishaq Aweis DM, Mohamed AJ, Razakmuttalif A, Moussa MA. Role of diabetes in the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of tuberculosis. Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:645362.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"758_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03279.x","volume":"16","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Mabey D. Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16(8):1062\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"758_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/164797","volume":"24","author":"ML Becker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Becker ML, Thompson LH, Pindera C, Bridger N, Lopez C, Keynan Y, et al. Feasibility and success of HIV point-of-care testing in an emergency department in an urban Canadian setting. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2013;24(1):27\u201331.","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"758_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq068","volume":"52","author":"KP Delaney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delaney KP, Branson BM, Uniyal A, Phillips S, Candal D, Owen SM, et al. Evaluation of the performance characteristics of 6 rapid HIV antibody tests. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(2):257\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"758_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, UNAIDS. Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities. In: 2007. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/vct\/pitc2007\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"758_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-73","volume":"10","author":"BJ Wolpaw","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolpaw BJ, Mathews C, Chopra M, Hardie D, de Azevedo V, Jennings K, et al. The failure of routine rapid HIV testing: a case study of improving low sensitivity in the field. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:73.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"7612","key":"758_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39210.582801.BE","volume":"335","author":"RH Gray","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gray RH, Makumbi F, Serwadda D, Lutalo T, Nalugoda F, Opendi P, et al. Limitations of rapid HIV-1 tests during screening for trials in Uganda: diagnostic test accuracy study. BMJ. 2007;335(7612):188.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"758_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009352","volume":"22","author":"SC Kagulire","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kagulire SC, Opendi P, Stamper PD, Nakavuma JL, Mills LA, Makumbi F, et al. Field evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for screening of HIV-1 infections in rural Rakai, Uganda. Int J STD AIDS. 2011;22(6):308\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"758_CR15","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Field Safety Notice Number 1: Product: SD Bioline HIV-1\/2 3.0. 2011. In: http:\/\/www.who.int\/diagnostics_laboratory\/procurement\/111201_productalert_for_product0027_mx012.pdf. Accesed August 2014"},{"issue":"10","key":"758_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136242","volume":"65","author":"AP Ralph","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ralph AP, Ardian M, Wiguna A, Maguire GP, Becker NG, Drogumuller G, et al. A simple, valid, numerical score for grading chest x-ray severity in adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax. 2010;65(10):863\u20139.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"758_CR17","unstructured":"InTec Products I. Advanced QualityTM Rapid Anti-HIV (1&2) package insert. Cat. no. ITP02002. 2002."},{"key":"758_CR18","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. HIV Assays: Operational Characteristics (Phase 1). Report 14 Simple\/Rapid tests. ISBN 92 4 159216 8. 20042004. In: http:\/\/www.who.int\/diagnostics_laboratory\/publications\/hiv_assays_rep_14.pdf. Accessed July 2014"},{"issue":"8","key":"758_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3868-3869.2003","volume":"41","author":"GE van den Berk","year":"2003","unstructured":"van den Berk GE, Frissen PH, Regez RM, Rietra PJ. Evaluation of the rapid immunoassay determine HIV 1\/2 for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(8):3868\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"758_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070032","volume":"8","author":"AP Ralph","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ralph AP, Waramori G, Pontororing GJ, Kenangalem E, Wiguna A, Tjitra E, et al. L-arginine and Vitamin D Adjunctive Therapies in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70032.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"758_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-91","volume":"9","author":"CT Sreeramareddy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sreeramareddy CT, Panduru KV, Menten J, Van den Ende J. Time delays in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review of literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:91.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"758_CR22","first-page":"1403","volume":"14","author":"EL Maciel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maciel EL, Golub JE, Peres RL, Hadad DJ, Favero JL, Molino LP, et al. Delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at a primary health clinic in Vitoria, Brazil. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14(11):1403\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"758_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9557","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203517109","volume":"109","author":"DW Dowdy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dowdy DW, Golub JE, Chaisson RE, Saraceni V. Heterogeneity in tuberculosis transmission and the role of geographic hotspots in propagating epidemics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(24):9557\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"758_CR24","first-page":"378","volume":"41","author":"CA Jetan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jetan CA, Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Nissapatorn V. Tuberculosis: an eight year (2000\u20132007) retrospective study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010;41(2):378\u201385.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"758_CR25","first-page":"304","volume":"33","author":"C Barry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barry C, Konstantinos A. Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2007. Commun Dis Intell. 2009;33(3):304\u201315.","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"758_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.4.335","volume":"167","author":"MN Bates","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith KR. Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(4):335\u201342.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"758_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.09.005","volume":"66","author":"RA Bonacci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonacci RA, Cruz-Hervert LP, Garcia-Garcia L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Bobadilla-del-Valle M, et al. Impact of cigarette smoking on rates and clinical prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Southern Mexico. J Infect. 2013;66(4):303\u201312.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"758_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.038786","volume":"20","author":"D Kostova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kostova D, Ross H, Blecher E, Markowitz S. Is youth smoking responsive to cigarette prices? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Tob Control. 2011;20(6):419\u201324.","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"758_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0621","volume":"17","author":"YW Tsai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsai YW, Tsai TI, Yang CL, Kuo KN. Gender differences in smoking behaviors in an Asian population. J Womens Health. 2008;17(6):971\u20138.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"758_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-362","volume":"10","author":"GJ Pontororing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pontororing GJ, Kenangalem E, Lolong DB, Waramori G, Sandjaja, Tjitra E, et al. The burden and treatment of HIV in tuberculosis patients in Papua Province, Indonesia: a prospective observational study. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):362.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"758_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019484","volume":"6","author":"DJ Pepper","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pepper DJ, Marais S, Wilkinson RJ, Bhaijee F, De Azevedo V, Meintjes G. Barriers to initiation of antiretrovirals during antituberculosis therapy in Africa. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19484.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"758_CR32","first-page":"123","volume":"4","author":"MW Borgdorff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Borgdorff MW, Nagelkerke NJ, Dye C, Nunn P. Gender and tuberculosis: a comparison of prevalence surveys with notification data to explore sex differences in case detection. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000;4(2):123\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"758_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000199","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000199","volume":"6","author":"O Neyrolles","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neyrolles O, Quintana-Murci L. Sexual inequality in tuberculosis. PLoS Med. 2009;6(12):e1000199.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T07:56:03Z","timestamp":1630569363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-015-0758-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"32"}}