{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:18:17Z","timestamp":1778678297788,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1491-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]],"date-time":"2016-04-16T00:54:48Z","timestamp":1460768088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Libya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aisha","family":"Gashout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Amro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mabruk","family":"Erhuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamida","family":"Al-Dwibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eanas","family":"Elmaihub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamouda","family":"Babba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Nattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdalhafid","family":"Abudher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005100","volume":"6","author":"DE Hill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hill DE, Chirukandoth S, Dubey JP. Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and animals. Anim Health Res Rev. 2005;6(1):41\u201361.","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.09.012","volume":"43","author":"DE Hill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hill DE, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in farm animals in the United States. Int J Parasitol. 2013;43(2):107\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007","volume":"38","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Jones JL. Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38(11):1257\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004","volume":"39","author":"LM Weiss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weiss LM, Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(8):895\u2013901.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1086\/590149","volume":"47","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montoya JG, Remington JS. Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(4):554\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111732","volume":"91","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torgerson PR, Mastroiacovo P. The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91(7):501\u20138.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1086\/517511","volume":"44","author":"AH Havelaar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Havelaar AH, Kemmeren JM, Kortbeek LM. Disease burden of congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(11):1467\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652000000300006","volume":"42","author":"LN Passos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Passos LN, Araujo Filho OF, Andrade Junior HF. Toxoplasma encephalitis in AIDS patients in Sao Paulo during 1988 and 1991. A comparative retrospective analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2000;42(3):141\u20135.","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"14","key":"1491_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291403","volume":"329","author":"BJ Luft","year":"1993","unstructured":"Luft BJ, Hafner R, Korzun AH, Leport C, Antoniskis D, Bosler EM, Bourland DD, 3rd, Uttamchandani R, Fuhrer J, Jacobson J. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Members of the ACTG 077p\/ANRS 009 Study Team. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):995\u20131000.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-1-36","volume":"100","author":"B Wong","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wong B, Gold JW, Brown AE, Lange M, Fried R, Grieco M, Mildvan D, Giron J, Tapper ML, Lerner CW. Central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis in homosexual men and parenteral drug abusers. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100(1):36\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR11","first-page":"414","volume":"6","author":"DM Israelski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Israelski DM, Chmiel JS, Poggensee L, Phair JP, Remington JS. Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in a cohort of homosexual men at risk of AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993;6(4):414\u20138.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.376","volume":"69","author":"M Maschke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maschke M, Kastrup O, Esser S, Ross B, Hengge U, Hufnagel A. Incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders associated with HIV since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(3):376\u201380.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"1491_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212033272306","volume":"327","author":"SB Porter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Porter SB, Sande MA. Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(23):1643\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1491_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003","volume":"39","author":"G Pappas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas ME. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(12):1385\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR15","first-page":"95","volume":"19","author":"DA Mousa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mousa DA, Mohammad MA, Toboli AB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women with previous adverse pregnancy outcom. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci. 2011;19(2):95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Med J Islamic World Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR16","first-page":"69","volume":"21","author":"HH Kassem","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kassem HH, Morsy TA. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women in Benghazi, (S.P.L.A.J.) Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 1991;21(1):69\u201374.","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"1491_CR17","series-title":"Second national Biotechnology, Conference proceeding Book","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis and Pregnancy outcome","author":"S Magrhi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Magrhi S, Abudher A, Guma N, Hagrasi H, Mohammed S, Musbah M, Ali M, Abeed S. Toxoplasmosis and Pregnancy outcome, Second national Biotechnology, Conference proceeding Book. 2003. p. 435\u201342."},{"key":"1491_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2008.19003","volume":"31","author":"AM Setta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Setta AM, Yamani RH. Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in non-pregnant women in Tripoli, Libya. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2008;31:198\u2013202.","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1491_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90023-X","volume":"81","author":"MA Khader","year":"1987","unstructured":"Khader MA, El Nageh MM. Serological Survey for Toxoplasmosis in Tripoli, S.P.L.A.J. (Libya). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(5):761\u20133.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR20","first-page":"52","volume":"2","author":"A Gashout","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gashout A, Lazrag T, Gashout H, Swedan T. Qualtitive assessement of risk for spotaneous abortion associated with toxoplasma and rubella: immunity appraisal. Libyan J Infec Dis. 2008;2(1):52\u20136.","journal-title":"Libyan J Infec Dis"},{"key":"1491_CR21","series-title":"Master thesis, Biology department, Academy of graduate study \u2013Libya","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis in Newborn Babies in AL-Jala Maternity Hospital, Tripoli \u2013 Libya","author":"SR Alkhunfas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alkhunfas SR. Toxoplasmosis in Newborn Babies in AL-Jala Maternity Hospital, Tripoli \u2013 Libya, Master thesis, Biology department, Academy of graduate study \u2013Libya. 2008. p. 45\u20136."},{"issue":"10","key":"1491_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4826-4828.2003","volume":"41","author":"D Filisetti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Filisetti D, Gorcii M, Pernot-Marino E, Villard O, Candolfi E. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: comparison of targets for detection of Toxoplasma gondii by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(10):4826\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0223(200102)21:2<85::AID-PD18>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"21","author":"JM Costa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Costa JM, Ernault P, Gautier E, Bretagne S. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by duplex real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes. Prenat Diagn. 2001;21(2):85\u20138.","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR24","first-page":"296","volume":"97","author":"S Romand","year":"2001","unstructured":"Romand S, Wallon M, Franck J, Thulliez P, Peyron F, Dumon H. Prenatal diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction on amniotic fluid for congenital toxoplasmosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97(2):296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000256","volume":"33","author":"TR Olariu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olariu TR, Remington JS, Montoya JG. Polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(6):566\u201370.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.96725","volume":"30","author":"S Rasti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rasti S, Behrashi M, Kazemi B, Fatahian A, Mousavi G, Namakchian M. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2012;30(2):251.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.06.006","volume":"71","author":"Y Sterkers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterkers Y, Ribot J, Albaba S, Issert E, Bastien P, Pratlong F. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis by polymerase chain reaction on neonatal peripheral blood. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;71(2):174\u20136.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1491_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2245-8","volume":"108","author":"R Abdul-Ghani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdul-Ghani R. Polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: more than two decades of development and evaluation. Parasitol Res. 2011;108(3):505\u201312.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1491_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00918-12","volume":"50","author":"Y Sterkers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sterkers Y, Pratlong F, Albaba S, Loubersac J, Picot MC, Pretet V, Issert E, Boulot P, Bastien P. Novel interpretation of molecular diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis according to gestational age at the time of maternal infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(12):3944\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1491_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0902-6","volume":"8","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Q, Wang ZD, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites Vectors. 2015;8:292.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"1491_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-265","volume":"4","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Shinozaki M, Yoshizawa S, Nakayama H, Wakayama M, Hatori T, Mituda A, Hirano T, Shimodaira K, Yuzhu Z. Diagnosis of systemic toxoplasmosis with HIV infection using DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue for polymerase chain reaction: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2010;4:265.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026548","volume":"33","author":"I Julander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Julander I, Martin C, Lappalainen M, Guy E, Isberg B, Evengard B. Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-positive patients. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(7):538\u201341.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1491_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-011-0065-8","volume":"55","author":"S Sugita","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sugita S, Ogawa M, Inoue S, Shimizu N, Mochizuki M. Diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis by two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations: qualitative multiplex and quantitative real-time. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2011;55(5):495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01900-07","volume":"46","author":"A Fekkar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fekkar A, Bodaghi B, Touafek F, Le Hoang P, Mazier D, Paris L. Comparison of immunoblotting, calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient, and real-time PCR using aqueous humor samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(6):1965\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3681-3685.2004","volume":"42","author":"A Simon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon A, Labalette P, Ordinaire I, Frealle E, Dei-Cas E, Camus D, Delhaes L. Use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes to evaluate quantitative real-time PCR for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(8):3681\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1491_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.10.2526-2530.1996","volume":"34","author":"O Liesenfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Liesenfeld O, Press C, Flanders R, Ramirez R, Remington JS. Study of Abbott Toxo IMx system for detection of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M toxoplasma antibodies: value of confirmatory testing for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34(10):2526\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1491_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.02.016","volume":"153","author":"RM Shaapan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shaapan RM, El-Nawawi FA, Tawfik MA. Sensitivity and specificity of various serological tests for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in naturally infected sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2008;153(3\u20134):359\u201362.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211","volume":"15","author":"BJ Luft","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luft BJ, Remington JS. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15(2):211\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"1491_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199611000-00010","volume":"10","author":"F Derouin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Derouin F, Leport C, Pueyo S, Morlat P, Letrillart B, Chene G, Ecobichon JL, Luft B, Aubertin J, Hafner R. Predictive value of Toxoplasma gondii antibody titres on the occurrence of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients. ANRS 005\/ACTG 154 Trial Group. AIDS. 1996;10(13):1521\u20137.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.4.703-705.2000","volume":"7","author":"B Mechain","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mechain B, Garin YJ, Robert-Gangneux F, Dupouy-Camet J, Derouin F. Lack of utility of specific immunoglobulin G antibody avidity for serodiagnosis of reactivated toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000;7(4):703\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"1491_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-7","volume":"3","author":"U Reischl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reischl U, Bretagne S, Kruger D, Ernault P, Costa JM. Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes. BMC Infect Dis. 2003;3:7.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2307\/3283761","volume":"80","author":"SF Parmley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parmley SF, Gross U, Sucharczuk A, Windeck T, Sgarlato GD, Remington JS. Two alleles of the gene encoding surface antigen P22 in 25 strains of Toxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol. 1994;80(2):293\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561","volume":"172","author":"DK Howe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Howe DK, Sibley LD. Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. J Infect Dis. 1995;172(6):1561\u20136.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.6.1411-1414.1997","volume":"35","author":"DK Howe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Howe DK, Honore S, Derouin F, Sibley LD. Determination of genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients with toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(6):1411\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1491_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4499-4503.2002","volume":"40","author":"P Joseph","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joseph P, Calderon MM, Gilman RH, Quispe ML, Cok J, Ticona E, Chavez V, Jimenez JA, Chang MC, Lopez MJ. Optimization and evaluation of a PCR assay for detecting toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(12):4499\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90134-8","volume":"43","author":"JB Prince","year":"1990","unstructured":"Prince JB, Auer KL, Huskinson J, Parmley SF, Araujo FG, Remington JS. Cloning, expression, and cDNA sequence of surface antigen P22 from Toxoplasma gondii. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1990;43(1):97\u2013106.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1491_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.8.1787-1792.1989","volume":"27","author":"JL Burg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burg JL, Grover CM, Pouletty P, Boothroyd JC. Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27(8):1787\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02931415","volume":"50","author":"Z Cermakova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cermakova Z, Ryskova O, Pliskova L. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in human biological samples. Folia Microbiol. 2005;50(4):341\u20134.","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1491_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.825441","volume":"11","author":"JB Murat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murat JB, Hidalgo HF, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Pelloux H. Human toxoplasmosis: which biological diagnostic tests are best suited to which clinical situations? Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2013;11(9):943\u201356.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.7.1866-1869.1993","volume":"31","author":"J Dupouy-Camet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dupouy-Camet J, de Souza SL, Maslo C, Paugam A, Saimot AG, Benarous R, Tourte-Schaefer C, Derouin F. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in venous blood from AIDS patients by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(7):1866\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.4.312","volume":"51","author":"D Ashburn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ashburn D, Joss AW, Pennington TH, Ho-Yen DO. Do IgA, IgE, and IgG avidity tests have any value in the diagnosis of toxoplasma infection in pregnancy? J Clin Pathol. 1998;51(4):312\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.113","volume":"8","author":"JB Weiss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiss JB. DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis of parasitic infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8(1):113\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6390","key":"1491_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/359082a0","volume":"359","author":"LD Sibley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sibley LD, Boothroyd JC. Virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii comprise a single clonal lineage. Nature. 1992;359(6390):82\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1491_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-180","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yin H. Research progress on surface antigen 1 (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites Vectors. 2014;7:180.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1566-1570.2001","volume":"39","author":"I Fuentes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fuentes I, Rubio JM, Ramirez C, Alvar J. Genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with human toxoplasmosis in Spain: direct analysis from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(4):1566\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1491_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.319","volume":"172","author":"EC Guy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guy EC, Joynson DH. Potential of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of active Toxoplasma infection by detection of parasite in blood. J Infect Dis. 1995;172(1):319\u201322.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR57","first-page":"104","volume":"5","author":"J Garweg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garweg J, Boehnke M, Koerner F. Restricted applicability of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ger J Ophthalmol. 1996;5(2):104\u20138.","journal-title":"Ger J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.6.1082","volume":"41","author":"JS Remington","year":"1968","unstructured":"Remington JS, Miller MJ, Brownlee I. IgM antibodies in acute toxoplasmosis. I. Diagnostic significance in congenital cases and a method for their rapid demonstration. Pediatrics. 1968;41(6):1082\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1491_CR59","first-page":"855","volume":"71","author":"JS Remington","year":"1968","unstructured":"Remington JS, Miller MJ, Brownlee I. IgM antibodies in acute toxoplasmosis. II. Prevalence and significance in acquired cases. J Lab Clin Med. 1968;71(5):855\u201366.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1491_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13151.x","volume":"165","author":"H Pelloux","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pelloux H, Guy E, Angelici MC, Aspock H, Bessieres MH, Blatz R, Del Pezzo M, Girault V, Gratzl R, Holberg-Petersen M. A second European collaborative study on polymerase chain reaction for Toxoplasma gondii, involving 15 teams. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998;165(2):231\u20137.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"1491_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.12.3112-3115.1997","volume":"35","author":"M Wilson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wilson M, Remington JS, Clavet C, Varney G, Press C, Ware D. Evaluation of six commercial kits for detection of human immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The FDA Toxoplasmosis Ad Hoc Working Group. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(12):3112\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1491_CR62","first-page":"536","volume":"76","author":"H Slawska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slawska H, Czuba B, Gola J, Mazurek U, Wloch A, Wilczok T, Kaminski K. Diagnostic difficulties of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women. Is it possible to explain doubts by polymerase chain reaction? Ginekol Pol. 2005;76(7):536\u201342.","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1491_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.831","volume":"71","author":"L Nimri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nimri L, Pelloux H, Elkhatib L. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA and specific antibodies in high-risk pregnant women. AmJTrop Med Hyg. 2004;71(6):831\u20135.","journal-title":"AmJTrop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1491_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2011.595872","volume":"19","author":"JG Garweg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garweg JG, de Groot-Mijnes JD, Montoya JG. Diagnostic approach to ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011;19(4):255\u201361.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"11","key":"1491_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.11.2813-2819.1994","volume":"32","author":"K-S Khalifa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Khalifa K-S, Roth A, Roth B, Arasteh KN, Janitschke K. Value of PCR for evaluating occurrence of parasitemia in immunocompromised patients with cerebral and extracerebral toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32(11):2813\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1491_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-6-2","volume":"6","author":"Y Alfonso","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alfonso Y, Fraga J, Fonseca C, Jimenez N, Pinillos T, Dorta-Contreras AJ, Cox R, Capo V, Pomier O, Bandera F. Molecular diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cerebrospinal fluid from AIDS patients. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res. 2009;6:2.","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1491-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T23:19:51Z","timestamp":1655507991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1491-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1491-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]]},"article-number":"157"}}