{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:13:13Z","timestamp":1792113193699,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the most common infectious etiology of nosocomial diarrhea. Fecal calprotectin (fc) is a sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation, found to be associated with enteric bacterial infections and inflammatory bowel disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We evaluated fc levels using a Chemiluminescent immunoassay method, in hospitalized patients with\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (CDI) diagnosed by molecular stool examination and assessed correlation with virulent ribotype 027 strain infection, antibiotic susceptibility by gradient Etest strip performed on\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonies and clinical and laboratory measures of disease severity. Statistical analysis was performed for correlation of fc levels with clinical and laboratory parameters, disease severity and patient outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall 29 patients with CDI were admitted at the Poria medical center in northern Israel, during June 2014-May 2015. Resistance to metronidazole was found in 3 (10.3\u00a0%) isolates and to vancomycin in 5 (17.2\u00a0%) isolates. Regarding patient outcomes, within 30\u00a0days of CDI diagnosis, recurrence of disease occurred in 10 (34.5\u00a0%) patients and 2 patients (6.9\u00a0%) died. Seven (24.1\u00a0%) isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      ribotype 027. Mean fc level was 331.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/g (21\u2013932). Higher fc levels were found in patients with\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      ribotype 027 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0005). Fc levels were also correlated with elevated peripheral blood white cell count (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0007). A trend for higher fc levels was found in patients with a higher clostridium severity score index (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0633). No correlation was found between fecal calprotectin levels and age, sex, functional status, community versus hospital acquired CDI, antibiotic susceptibility, fever, and creatinine levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights the fact that fc has a potential role as a biomarker of disease severity and binary toxin producing ribotype associated disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1618-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T02:19:48Z","timestamp":1466648388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Correlation between fecal calprotectin levels, disease severity and the hypervirulent ribotype 027 strain in patients with Clostridium difficile infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Avi","family":"Peretz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Tkhawkho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Pastukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Brodsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Namimi-Halevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Nitzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"1618_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis319","volume":"55","author":"FC Lessa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lessa FC, Gould CV, McDonald LC. 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