{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T01:48:41Z","timestamp":1778291321683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"FWO","award":["SOFI_B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOFI_B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2201-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T15:44:51Z","timestamp":1485877491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The immunological response to syphilis differs by HIV status; a prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kara Krista","family":"Osbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Crucitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Kestens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.5.825","volume":"3","author":"UR Karumudi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karumudi UR, Augenbraun M. Syphilis and HIV: a dangerous duo. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005;3(5):825\u201331.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"2201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.031107","volume":"10","author":"S Kassutto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kassutto S, Doweiko JP. Syphilis in the HIV era. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(8):1471\u20133.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2201_CR3","first-page":"176","volume":"72","author":"H Schofer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schofer H, Imhof M, Thoma-Greber E, Brockmeyer NH, Hartmann M, Gerken G, Pees HW, Rasokat H, Hartmann H, Sadri I, et al. Active syphilis in HIV infection: a multicentre retrospective survey. The German AIDS Study Group (GASG). Genitourin Med. 1996;72(3):176\u201381.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00003","volume":"121","author":"CM Hutchinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hutchinson CM, Hook 3rd EW, Shepherd M, Verley J, Rompalo AM. Altered clinical presentation of early syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(2):94\u2013100.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1086\/515245","volume":"177","author":"JM Flood","year":"1998","unstructured":"Flood JM, Weinstock HS, Guroy ME, Bayne L, Simon RP, Bolan G. Neurosyphilis during the AIDS epidemic, San Francisco, 1985\u20131992. J Infect Dis. 1998;177(4):931\u201340.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"2201_CR6","first-page":"625","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention","year":"2007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention. Symptomatic early neurosyphilis among HIV-positive men who have sex with men-four cities, United States, January 2002-June 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56(25):625.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160600","volume":"22","author":"M Tsuboi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsuboi M, Nishijima T, Teruya K, Kikuchi Y, Gatanaga H, Oka S. Cerebral Syphilitic Gumma within 5 Months of Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patient. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(10):1846\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2201_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1086\/382532","volume":"38","author":"CM Marra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marra CM, Maxwell CL, Tantalo L, Eaton M, Rompalo AM, Raines C, Stoner BP, Corbett JJ, Augenbraun M, Zajackowski M, et al. Normalization of cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities after neurosyphilis therapy: does HIV status matter? Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(7):1001\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021402","volume":"83","author":"KG Ghanem","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghanem KG, Erbelding EJ, Wiener ZS, Rompalo AM. Serological response to syphilis treatment in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Sex Transm Infect. 2007;83(2):97\u2013101.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80105-3","volume":"99","author":"JL Malone","year":"1995","unstructured":"Malone JL, Wallace MR, Hendrick BB, LaRocco Jr A, Tonon E, Brodine SK, Bowler WA, Lavin BS, Hawkins RE, Oldfield 3rd EC. Syphilis and neurosyphilis in a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 seropositive population: evidence for frequent serologic relapse after therapy. Am J Med. 1995;99(1):55\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707313370504","volume":"337","author":"RT Rolfs","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF, Rompalo AM, Augenbraun MH, Chiu M, Bolan G, Johnson SC, French P, Steen E, et al. A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Syphilis and HIV Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(5):307\u201314.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"2201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410210124014","volume":"153","author":"RL Jurado","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jurado RL, Campbell J, Martin PD. Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis. Has its time arrived? Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(21):2496\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000121204.58881.60","volume":"97","author":"G Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith G, Holman RP. The prozone phenomenon with syphilis and HIV-1 co-infection. South Med J. 2004;97(4):379\u201382.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2201_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001717","volume":"6","author":"AR Cruz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cruz AR, Ramirez LG, Zuluaga AV, Pillay A, Abreu C, Valencia CA, La Vake C, Cervantes JL, Dunham-Ems S, Cartun R, et al. Immune evasion and recognition of the syphilis spirochete in blood and skin of secondary syphilis patients: two immunologically distinct compartments. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1717.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR15","first-page":"102","volume":"69","author":"HJ Engelkens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Engelkens HJ, ten Kate FJ, Judanarso J, Vuzevski VD, van Lier JB, Godschalk JC, van der Sluis JJ, Stolz E. The localisation of treponemes and characterisation of the inflammatory infiltrate in skin biopsies from patients with primary or secondary syphilis, or early infectious yaws. Genitourin Med. 1993;69(2):102\u20137.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ842","volume":"62","author":"N Kojima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kojima N, Bristow CC, Maecker H, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Leon SR, Vargas SK, Konda KA, Caceres CF, Klausner JD. Similarities in the Markers of Inflammation Between Men With Syphilis and Women With Increased Risk of HIV Acquisition. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(2):265\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002528","volume":"7","author":"K Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li K, Wang C, Lu H, Gu X, Guan Z, Zhou P. Regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of syphilis patients with and without neurological involvement. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(11):e2528.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052681","volume":"93","author":"M Pastuszczak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pastuszczak M, Gozdzialska A, Jakiela B, Obtulowicz A, Jaskiewicz J, Wojas-Pelc A. Robust pro-inflammatory immune response is associated with serological cure in patients with syphilis: an observational study. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93(1):11-4. doi: 10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052681 . Epub 2016 Jun 29.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.06.010","volume":"76","author":"M Pastuszczak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pastuszczak M, Jakiela B, Jaworek AK, Wypasek E, Zeman J, Wojas-Pelc A. Association of Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms with neurosyphilis. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(7):469\u201372.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01451.x","volume":"28","author":"J Podwinska","year":"2000","unstructured":"Podwinska J, Lusiak M, Zaba R, Bowszyc J. The pattern and level of cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes of syphilitic patients correlate to the progression of the disease. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000;28(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2201_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318193ca26","volume":"36","author":"A Knudsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knudsen A, Benfield T, Kofoed K. Cytokine expression during syphilis infection in HIV-1-infected individuals. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36(5):300\u20134.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"45","key":"2201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.45.20958","volume":"19","author":"C Kenyon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kenyon C, Lynen L, Florence E, Caluwaerts S, Vandenbruaene M, Apers L, Soentjens P, Van Esbroeck M, Bottieau E. Syphilis reinfections pose problems for syphilis diagnosis in Antwerp, Belgium-1992 to 2012. Eurosurveillance. 2014;19(45):22\u20139.","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2201_CR23","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in Europe, 1990\u20132010","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2012","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Sexually transmitted infections in Europe, 1990\u20132010. Stockholm: ECDC; 2012."},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14153","volume":"12","author":"P Read","year":"2015","unstructured":"Read P, Fairley CK, Chow EP. Increasing trends of syphilis among men who have sex with men in high income countries. Sex Health. 2015;12(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e9afc7","volume":"38","author":"TH Brewer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brewer TH, Peterman TA, Newman DR, Schmitt K. Reinfections During the Florida Syphilis Epidemic, 2000\u20132008. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(1):12\u20137.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2201_CR26","volume-title":"Is early latent syphilis more likely in patients with a prior syphilis infection?","author":"R Kerani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kerani R, Lukehart S, Stenger M, Marra C, Pedersen R, Golden M. Is early latent syphilis more likely in patients with a prior syphilis infection? London: British Society for Sexual Health and HIV, Presentation at: 18th International Society for STD Research; 2009."},{"key":"2201_CR27","volume-title":"Centers for Disease C, Prevention: Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Berman SM. Centers for Disease C, Prevention: Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010."},{"issue":"7139","key":"2201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236","volume":"316","author":"TV Perneger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perneger TV. What\u2019s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ. 1998;316(7139):1236\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","volume":"34","author":"RA Armstrong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armstrong RA. When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014;34(5):502\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","volume":"1","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology. 1990;1(1):43\u20136.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2201_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.9.3475-3479.1992","volume":"60","author":"TJ Fitzgerald","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fitzgerald TJ. The Th1\/Th2-like switch in syphilitic infection: is it detrimental? Infect Immun. 1992;60(9):3475\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2201_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.2.491","volume":"173","author":"WC Voorhis Van","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Voorhis WC, Barrett LK, Koelle DM, Nasio JM, Plummer FA, Lukehart SA. Primary and secondary syphilis lesions contain mRNA for Th1 cytokines. J Infect Dis. 1996;173(2):491\u20135.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2201_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.6.2051","volume":"86","author":"JD Radolf","year":"1989","unstructured":"Radolf JD, Norgard MV, Schulz WW. Outer membrane ultrastructure explains the limited antigenicity of virulent Treponema pallidum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(6):2051\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"11","key":"2201_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6244","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00827-06","volume":"74","author":"RE LaFond","year":"2006","unstructured":"LaFond RE, Molini BJ, Van Voorhis WC, Lukehart SA. Antigenic variation of TprK V regions abrogates specific antibody binding in syphilis. Infect Immun. 2006;74(11):6244\u201351.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1896-1906.2006","volume":"74","author":"RE LaFond","year":"2006","unstructured":"LaFond RE, Centurion-Lara A, Godornes C, Van Voorhis WC, Lukehart SA. TprK sequence diversity accumulates during infection of rabbits with Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain. Infect Immun. 2006;74(3):1896\u2013906.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR36","first-page":"127","volume":"62","author":"DR Tabor","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tabor DR, Kiel DP, Jacobs RF. Cyclophosphamide-sensitive activity of suppressor T cells during treponemal infection. Immunology. 1987;62(1):127\u201332.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.7","volume":"4","author":"PS Redford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Redford PS, Murray PJ, O\u2019Garra A. The role of IL-10 in immune regulation during M. tuberculosis infection. Mucosal Immunol. 2011;4(3):261\u201370.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2201_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2691-2697.1998","volume":"66","author":"GH Giambartolomei","year":"1998","unstructured":"Giambartolomei GH, Dennis VA, Philipp MT. Borrelia burgdorferi stimulates the production of interleukin-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected humans and rhesus monkeys. Infect Immun. 1998;66(6):2691\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-264","volume":"10","author":"TS Medina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Medina TS, Costa SP, Oliveira MD, Ventura AM, Souza JM, Gomes TF, Vallinoto AC, Povoa MM, Silva JS, Cunha MG. Increased interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma levels in Plasmodium vivax malaria suggest a reciprocal regulation which is not altered by IL-10 gene promoter polymorphism. Malar J. 2011;10:264.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(2001010)31:10<2848::AID-IMMU2848>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"31","author":"ML Murphy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Murphy ML, Wille U, Villegas EN, Hunter CA, Farrell JP. IL-10 mediates susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31(10):2848\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100615","volume":"187","author":"C Babolin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Babolin C, Amedei A, Ozolins D, Zilevica A, D\u2019Elios MM, de Bernard M. TpF1 from Treponema pallidum activates inflammasome and promotes the development of regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 2011;187(3):1377\u201384.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199709000-00005","volume":"11","author":"SA Klein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Klein SA, Dobmeyer JM, Dobmeyer TS, Pape M, Ottmann OG, Helm EB, Hoelzer D, Rossol R. Demonstration of the Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift during the course of HIV-1 infection using cytoplasmic cytokine detection on single cell level by flow cytometry. AIDS. 1997;11(9):1111\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_108.x","volume":"114","author":"MA Orsilles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orsilles MA, Pieri E, Cooke P, Caula C. IL-2 and IL-10 serum levels in HIV-1-infected patients with or without active antiretroviral therapy. APMIS. 2006;114(1):55\u201360.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462001914904","volume":"11","author":"P Srikanth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Srikanth P, Castillo RC, Sridharan G, John TJ, Zachariah A, Mathai D, Schwartz DH. Increase in plasma IL-10 levels and rapid loss of CD4+ T cells among HIV-infected individuals in south India. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11(1):49\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"14","key":"2201_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.04.060","volume":"579","author":"JC Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li JC, Lee DC, Cheung BK, Lau AS. Mechanisms for HIV Tat upregulation of IL-10 and other cytokine expression: kinase signaling and PKR-mediated immune response. FEBS Lett. 2005;579(14):3055\u201362.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2201_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12055","volume":"78","author":"P Meenakshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meenakshi P, Ramya S, Shruthi T, Lavanya J, Mohammed HH, Mohammed SA, Vijayalakshmi V, Sumanlatha G. Association of IL-1beta +3954 C\/T and IL-10-1082\u00a0G\/A cytokine gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol. 2013;78(1):92\u20137.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2201-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T07:01:14Z","timestamp":1601535674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2201-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2201-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"article-number":"111"}}