{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:22:59Z","timestamp":1787239379319,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["083521\/Z\/07\/Z, 083521\/Z\/07\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["083521\/Z\/07\/Z, 083521\/Z\/07\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2319-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T23:53:36Z","timestamp":1490054016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella zoster virus infection in the first two years of life: a cohort study in Bradford, UK"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Pembrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Waiblinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauli","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaq","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2905","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002905","volume":"3","author":"DJ Miles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miles DJ, van der Sande M, Jeffries D, Kaye S, Ojuola O, Sanneh M, Cox M, Palmero MS, Touray ES, Waight P, et al. Maintenance of large subpopulations of differentiated CD8 T-cells two years after cytomegalovirus infection in Gambian infants. PLoS One. 2008;3(8):e2905.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"2319_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14013","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014013","volume":"5","author":"B Holder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holder B, Miles DJ, Kaye S, Crozier S, Mohammed NI, Duah NO, Roberts E, Ojuola O, Palmero MS, Touray ES, et al. Epstein-Barr virus but not cytomegalovirus is associated with reduced vaccine antibody responses in Gambian infants. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e14013.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2319_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leray E, Moreau T, Fromont A, Edan G, Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol. 2016;172(1):3\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.10.006"},{"issue":"107","key":"2319_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107fs","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002878","volume":"3","author":"JI Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen JI, Fauci AS, Varmus H, Nabel GJ. Epstein-Barr virus: an important vaccine target for cancer prevention. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(107):107fs.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016103","volume":"6","author":"AM Simanek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simanek AM, Dowd JB, Pawelec G, Melzer D, Dutta A, Aiello AE. Seropositivity to cytomegalovirus, inflammation, all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality in the United States. PLoS One. 2011;6(2):e16103.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.09.010","volume":"157","author":"G Pawelec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E. Role of CMV in immune senescence. Virus Res. 2011;157(2):175\u20139.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2319_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2014.19.9.442","volume":"19","author":"E Purssell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Purssell E. Shingles vaccination: background and advice for community nurses. Br J Community Nurs. 2014;19(9):442\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70344-9","volume":"12","author":"MA Kharfan-Dabaja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Boeckh M, Wilck MB, Langston AA, Chu AH, Wloch MK, Guterwill DF, Smith LR, Rolland AP, Kenney RT. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(4):290\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2319_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70197-4","volume":"12","author":"PD Griffiths","year":"2012","unstructured":"Griffiths PD. Burden of disease associated with human cytomegalovirus and prospects for elimination by universal immunisation. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(10):790\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2319_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2014.27","volume":"4","author":"JI Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen JI. Epstein-barr virus vaccines. Clin Translational Immunol. 2015;4(1):e32.","journal-title":"Clin Translational Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00697-14","volume":"22","author":"TM Lanzieri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lanzieri TM, Kruszon-Moran D, Amin MM, Bialek SR, Cannon MJ, Carroll MD, Dollard SC. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among children 1 to 5\u00a0years of age in the United States from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2011 to 2012. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;22(2):245\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys112","volume":"42","author":"J Wright","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wright J, Small N, Raynor P, Tuffnell D, Bhopal R, Cameron N, Fairley L, Lawlor DA, Parslow R, Petherick ES, et al. Cohort Profile: The Born in Bradford multi-ethnic family cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(4):978\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2319_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081881","volume":"8","author":"L Pembrey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pembrey L, Raynor P, Griffiths P, Chaytor S, Wright J, Hall AJ. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus and varicella zoster virus among pregnant women in Bradford: a cohort study. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e81881.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F280","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.119230","volume":"93","author":"S Walter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walter S, Atkinson C, Sharland M, Rice P, Raglan E, Emery VC, Griffiths PD. Congenital cytomegalovirus: association between dried blood spot viral load and hearing loss. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2008;93(4):F280\u2013285.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2319_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.suppl_1.S2","volume":"55","author":"DP Strachan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strachan DP. Family size, infection and atopy: the first decade of the \u201chygiene hypothesis\u201d. Thorax. 2000;55 Suppl 1:S2\u201310.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"2319_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.8.780","volume":"62","author":"CS Peckham","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peckham CS, Johnson C, Ades A, Pearl K, Chin KS. Early acquisition of cytomegalovirus infection. Arch Dis Child. 1987;62(8):780\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.484","volume":"16","author":"MR Schleiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schleiss MR. Acquisition of human cytomegalovirus infection in infants via breast milk: natural immunization or cause for concern? Rev Med Virol. 2006;16(2):73\u201382.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"48","key":"2319_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.09.017","volume":"28","author":"G Manikkavasagan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manikkavasagan G, Dezateux C, Wade A, Bedford H. The epidemiology of chickenpox in UK 5-year olds: an analysis to inform vaccine policy. Vaccine. 2010;28(48):7699\u2013705.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2319_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600274","volume":"86","author":"X Ma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ma X, Buffler PA, Selvin S, Matthay KK, Wiencke JK, Wiemels JL, Reynolds P. Daycare attendance and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Cancer. 2002;86(9):1419\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9224-8","volume":"20","author":"NJ Harding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harding NJ, Birch JM, Hepworth SJ, McKinney PA. Infectious exposure in the first year of life and risk of central nervous system tumors in children: analysis of day care, social contact, and overcrowding. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(2):129\u201336.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.2.101","volume":"52","author":"NS Crowcroft","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crowcroft NS, Vyse A, Brown DW, Strachan DP. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection in pre-adolescent children: application of a new salivary method in Edinburgh, Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52(2):101\u20134.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2319_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit321","volume":"208","author":"HH Balfour Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balfour Jr HH, Sifakis F, Sliman JA, Knight JA, Schmeling DO, Thomas W. Age-specific prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection among individuals aged 6-19 years in the United States and factors affecting its acquisition. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(8):1286\u201393.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2319_CR23","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 13","author":"StataCorp","year":"2013","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station: StataCorp LP; 2013."},{"issue":"6","key":"2319_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804003140","volume":"132","author":"AJ Vyse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vyse AJ, Gay NJ, Hesketh LM, Morgan-Capner P, Miller E. Seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus in England and Wales in children and young adults. Epidemiol Infect. 2004;132(6):1129\u201334.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"2319_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008497","volume":"135","author":"YS Talukder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Talukder YS, Kafatos G, Pinot de Moira A, Aquilina J, Parker SP, Crowcroft NS, Brown DW, Breuer J. The seroepidemiology of varicella zoster virus among pregnant Bangladeshi and white British women in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, UK. Epidemiol Infect. 2007;135(8):1344\u201353.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/5.4.367","volume":"5","author":"DP Sinha","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sinha DP. Chickenpox--a disease predominantly affecting adults in rural West Bengal, India. Int J Epidemiol. 1976;5(4):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2319_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.11.033","volume":"63","author":"MJ Korndewal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Korndewal MJ, Mollema L, Tcherniaeva I, van der Klis F, Kroes AC, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, Vossen AC, de Melker HE. Cytomegalovirus infection in the Netherlands: seroprevalence, risk factors, and implications. J Clin Virol. 2015;63:53\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2319_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00203-06","volume":"13","author":"H Seale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seale H, MacIntyre CR, Gidding HF, Backhouse JL, Dwyer DE, Gilbert L. National serosurvey of cytomegalovirus in Australia. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006;13(11):1181\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.04.027","volume":"116","author":"C Nilsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nilsson C, Linde A, Montgomery SM, Gustafsson L, Nasman P, Blomberg MT, Lilja G. Does early EBV infection protect against IgE sensitization? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(2):438\u201344.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.12.010","volume":"68","author":"JB Dowd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dowd JB, Zajacova A, Aiello A. Early origins of health disparities: burden of infection, health, and socioeconomic status in U.S. children. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(4):699\u2013707.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2319_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01495.x","volume":"45","author":"TP O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien TP, Thompson JM, Black PN, Becroft DM, Clark PM, Robinson E, Wild C, Mitchell EA. Prevalence and determinants of cytomegalovirus infection in pre-school children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(5):291\u20136.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2319_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen MA, van den Heuvel D, Bouthoorn SH, Jaddoe VW, Hooijkaas H, Raat H, Fraaij PL, van Zelm MC, Moll HA: Determinants of Ethnic Differences in Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Seroprevalence in Childhood. J Pediatrics. 2016;170:126\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.11.014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.04.034","volume":"67","author":"RM Bernsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bernsen RM, Nagelkerke NJ, al-Ramadi BK. Does paternal antigen-induced secretion of interleukin-10 by T regulatory cells mediate the birth order effect? Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(4):740\u20133.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"9773","key":"2319_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60136-0","volume":"377","author":"PD Griffiths","year":"2011","unstructured":"Griffiths PD, Stanton A, McCarrell E, Smith C, Osman M, Harber M, Davenport A, Jones G, Wheeler DC, O\u2019Beirne J, et al. Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein-B vaccine with MF59 adjuvant in transplant recipients: a phase 2 randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1256\u201363.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2319_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir138","volume":"203","author":"S Sabbaj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sabbaj S, Pass RF, Goepfert PA, Pichon S. Glycoprotein B vaccine is capable of boosting both antibody and CD4 T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in chronically infected women. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(11):1534\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2319_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg267","volume":"33","author":"S Gibbs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gibbs S, Surridge H, Adamson R, Cohen B, Bentham G, Reading R. Atopic dermatitis and the hygiene hypothesis: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33(1):199\u2013207.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10132","volume":"67","author":"MC Morris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morris MC, Edmunds WJ, Hesketh LM, Vyse AJ, Miller E, Morgan-Capner P, Brown DW. Sero-epidemiological patterns of Epstein-Barr and herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) viruses in England and Wales. J Med Virol. 2002;67(4):522\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2319_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.05.019","volume":"158","author":"GM Khandaker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khandaker GM, Stochl J, Zammit S, Lewis G, Jones PB. Childhood Epstein-Barr Virus infection and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence: a population-based prospective serological study. Schizophr Res. 2014;158(1-3):19\u201324.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2319_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu342","volume":"59","author":"LM Condon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Condon LM, Cederberg LE, Rabinovitch MD, Liebo RV, Go JC, Delaney AS, Schmeling DO, Thomas W, Balfour Jr HH. Age-specific prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection among Minnesota children: effects of race\/ethnicity and family environment. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(4):501\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"2319_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-576124","volume":"124","author":"MR Goodier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodier MR, White MJ, Darboe A, Nielsen CM, Goncalves A, Bottomley C, Moore SE, Riley EM. Rapid NK cell differentiation in a population with near-universal human cytomegalovirus infection is attenuated by NKG2C deletions. Blood. 2014;124(14):2213\u201322.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2319_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu204","volume":"58","author":"K Rostgaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rostgaard K, Wohlfahrt J, Hjalgrim H. A genetic basis for infectious mononucleosis: evidence from a family study of hospitalized cases in Denmark. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(12):1684\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2319_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.009","volume":"114","author":"A Sidorchuk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sidorchuk A, Wickman M, Pershagen G, Lagarde F, Linde A. Cytomegalovirus infection and development of allergic diseases in early childhood: interaction with EBV infection? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(6):1434\u201340.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2319_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.033","volume":"125","author":"S Saghafian-Hedengren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saghafian-Hedengren S, Sverremark-Ekstrom E, Linde A, Lilja G, Nilsson C. Early-life EBV infection protects against persistent IgE sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(2):433\u20138.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2319-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T09:05:11Z","timestamp":1498381511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2319-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2319-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"article-number":"220"}}