{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T02:47:44Z","timestamp":1778035664378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2508-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T09:07:19Z","timestamp":1497431239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development and validation of a risk score to assist screening for acute HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maartje","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godelieve J.","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ineke G.","family":"Stolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udi","family":"Davidovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard J.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten F.","family":"Schim van der Loeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2508_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011874","volume":"364","author":"M Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen M, Shaw G, McMichael A, Haynes B. Acute HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1943\u201354.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2508_CR2","unstructured":"Panel on antiretroviral guidelines for adults and adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. http:\/\/aidsinfo.Nih.Gov\/ContentFiles\/AdultandAdolescentGL.Pdf . Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001196","volume":"9","author":"ML Grijsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grijsen ML, Steingrover R, Wit FW, Jurriaans S, Verbon A, Brinkman K, et al. No treatment versus 24 or 60 weeks of antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection: the randomized Primo-SHM trial. PLoS Med. 2012;9(3):e1001196.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110187","volume":"368","author":"T Le","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le T, Wright EJ, Smith DM, He W, Catano G, Okulicz JF, et al. Enhanced CD4+ T-cell recovery with earlier HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(3):218\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2508_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33823387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3382","volume":"97","author":"A Oxenius","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oxenius A, Price D, Easterbrook P, O\u2019Callaghan C, Kelleher A, Whelan J, et al. Early highly active antiretroviral therapy for acute HIV-1 infection preserves immune function of CD81 and CD41 T lymphocytes. PNAS. 2000;97(7):33823387.","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"9787","key":"2508_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60842-8","volume":"378","author":"KA Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers KA, Ghani AC, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Pettifor AE, Kamanga G, et al. The role of acute and early HIV infection in the spread of HIV and implications for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modelling study. Lancet. 2011;378(9787):256\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2508_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243","volume":"365","author":"MS Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493\u2013505.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"320","key":"2508_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320ra322","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad1863","volume":"8","author":"O Ratmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ratmann O, van Sighem A, Bezemer D, Gavryushkina A, Jurriaans S, Wensing A, et al. Sources of HIV infection among men having sex with men and implications for prevention. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(320):320ra322.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110039","volume":"368","author":"S Fidler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fidler S, Porter K, Ewings F, Frater J, Ramjee G, Cooper D, et al. Short-course antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(3):207\u201317.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2508_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834f9d7c","volume":"26","author":"T Heijman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heijman T, Geskus RB, Davidovich U, Coutinho RA, Prins M, Stolte IG. Less decrease in risk behaviour from pre-HIV to post-HIV seroconversion among MSM in the combination antiretroviral therapy era compared with the pre-combination antiretroviral therapy era. AIDS. 2012;26(4):489\u201395.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2508_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9839-0","volume":"15","author":"A Pettifor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pettifor A, MacPhail C, Corneli A, Sibeko J, Kamanga G, Rosenberg N, et al. Continued high risk sexual behavior following diagnosis with acute HIV infection in South Africa and Malawi: implications for prevention. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(6):1243\u201350.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"2508_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1086\/518250","volume":"195","author":"TW Chun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chun TW, Justement JS, Moir S, Hallahan CW, Maenza J, Mullins JI, et al. Decay of the HIV reservoir in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy for extended periods: implications for eradication of virus. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(12):1762\u20134.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033948","volume":"7","author":"J Ananworanich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ananworanich J, Schuetz A, Vandergeeten C, Sereti I, de Souza M, Rerknimitr R, et al. Impact of multi-targeted antiretroviral treatment on gut T cell depletion and HIV reservoir seeding during acute HIV infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33948.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"17","key":"2508_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10056","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01046-14","volume":"88","author":"MJ Buzon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buzon MJ, Martin-Gayo E, Pereyra F, Ouyang Z, Sun H, Li JZ, et al. Long-term antiretroviral treatment initiated at primary HIV-1 infection affects the size, composition, and decay kinetics of the reservoir of HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells. J Virol. 2014;88(17):10056\u201365.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003211","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003211","volume":"9","author":"A Saez-Cirion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saez-Cirion A, Bacchus C, Hocqueloux L, Avettand-Fenoel V, Girault I, Lecuroux C, et al. Post-treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI study. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(3):e1003211.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2508_CR16","unstructured":"Branson B, Owen S, Wesolowski L, Bennett B, Werner B, Wroblewski K, Pentella M. Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection: updated recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. https:\/\/stacks.Cdc.Gov\/view\/cdc\/23447 . Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"2508_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000978","volume":"72","author":"NJ Garrett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garrett NJ, Drain PK, Werner L, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS. Diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care xpert HIV-1 viral load assay in a South African HIV clinic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72(2):e45\u20138.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5954","volume":"312","author":"E Wood","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wood E, Kerr T, Rowell G, Montaner JS, Phillips P, Korthuis PT, et al. Does this adult patient have early HIV infection? The rational clinical examination systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312(3):278\u201385.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2508_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ398","volume":"61","author":"DL Braun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Braun DL, Kouyos RD, Balmer B, Grube C, Weber R, Gunthard HF. Frequency and Spectrum of unexpected clinical manifestations of primary HIV-1 infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(6):1013\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2508_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000316","volume":"11","author":"ML Robb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robb ML, Ananworanich J. Lessons from acute HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11(6):555\u201360.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2508_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000924","volume":"29","author":"EJ Sanders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanders EJ, Wahome E, Powers KA, Werner L, Fegan G, Lavreys L, et al. targeted screening of at-risk adults for acute HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 2015;29(suppl 3):S221\u201330.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"2508_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062928","volume":"8","author":"K Mlisana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mlisana K, Sobieszczyk M, Werner L, Feinstein A, van Loggerenberg F, Naicker N, et al. Challenges of diagnosing acute HIV-1 subtype c infection in African women: performance of a clinical algorithm and the need for point-of-care nucleic-acid based testing. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62928.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2508_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f08b4d","volume":"21","author":"KA Powers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Powers KA, Millera WC, Pilcher CD, Mapanje C, Martinsond FEA, Fiscusc SA, et al. improved detection of acute HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa: development of a risk score algorithm. AIDS. 2007;21:2237\u201342.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"22","key":"2508_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508952","volume":"374","author":"ML Robb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robb ML, Eller LA, Kibuuka H, Rono K, Maganga L, Nitayaphan S, et al. Prospective study of acute HIV-1 infection in adults in East Africa and Thailand. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(22):2120\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2508_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328326f55e","volume":"23","author":"WC Miller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miller WC, Leone PA, McCoy S, Nguyen TQ, Williams DE, Pilcher CD. Targeted testing for acute HIV infection in North Carolina. AIDS. 2009;23(7):835\u201343.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ335","volume":"61","author":"M Hoenigl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoenigl M, Weibel N, Mehta SR, Anderson CM, Jenks J, Green N, et al. Development and validation of the San Diego early test score to predict acute and early HIV infection risk in men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(3):468\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2508_CR27","unstructured":"HIV tranmission elimination AMsterdam initiative (h-TEAM). http:\/\/www.Hteam.Nl\/en . Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"key":"2508_CR28","unstructured":"Heb ik hiv? https:\/\/hebikhiv.Nl \/. Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"key":"2508_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6668.218","volume":"298","author":"GJP Griensven Van","year":"1989","unstructured":"Van Griensven GJP, de Vroome EMM, Goudsmit J, Coutinho RA. Changes in sexual behaviour and the fall in incidence of HIV infection among homosexual men. BMJ. 1989;298:218\u20132.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2508_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328342fbe9","volume":"25","author":"IA Jansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jansen IA, Geskus RB, Davidovich U, Jurriaans S, Coutinho RA, Prins M, et al. Ongoing HIV-1 transmission among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam: a 25-year prospective cohort study. AIDS. 2011;25(4):493\u2013501.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2508_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"3","author":"W Youden","year":"1950","unstructured":"Youden W. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3:32\u20135.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2508_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-474","volume":"107","author":"R Kaslow","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kaslow R, Friedman H, Lyter D, Solomon R, Dudley J, Polk B, et al. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: clinical manifestations and their relationship to immune deficiency. A report from the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:474\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2508_CR33","unstructured":"Multicenter AIDS cohort study public dataset. https:\/\/statepi.Jhsph.Edu\/macs\/pdt.Html . Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"key":"2508_CR34","volume-title":"clinical epidemiology. A basic science for clinical medicine","author":"DL Sackett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sackett DL, Brian Haynes R, Guyat GH, Tugwell P. clinical epidemiology. A basic science for clinical medicine. USA: Lippincott Williams&Wilkins; 1991."},{"issue":"7","key":"2508_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0286","volume":"315","author":"PJ Peters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peters PJ, Westheimer E, Cohen S, Hightow-Weidman LB, Moss N, Tsoi B, et al. Screening yield of HIV antigen\/antibody combination and pooled HIV RNA testing for acute HIV infection in a high-prevalence population. JAMA. 2016;315(7):682\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2508_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000853","volume":"71","author":"SE Rutstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rutstein SE, Pettifor AE, Phiri S, Kamanga G, Hoffman IF, Hosseinipour MC, et al. Incorporating acute HIV screening into routine HIV testing at sexually transmitted infection clinics, and HIV testing and counseling centers in Lilongwe, Malawi. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;71(3):272\u201380.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2508_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1086\/514012","volume":"176","author":"P Veugelers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Veugelers P, Kaldor J, Strathdee S, Page-Shafer K, Schechter M, Coutinho R, et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis. 1997;176(1):112\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2508_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A93","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.5170.abstract","volume":"30","author":"E Sanders","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sanders E, Powers K, Karita E, Kamali A, Kilemba W, Allen S. Recall of acute retroviral symptoms in a multicentre cohort study in Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2014;30(Suppl 1):A93.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"key":"2508_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010003","volume":"150","author":"E Vittinghoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vittinghoff E, Douglas J, Judson F, McKirnan D, MacQueen K, Buchbinder S. Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150:306.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2508_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw112","volume":"213","author":"J Davey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davey J, Beymer M, Roberts C, Bolan R, Klausner J. Sexual behavior during acute HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California. J Infect Dis. 2016;213(12):2020\u20131.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2508_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000193","volume":"10","author":"SE Rutstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rutstein SE, Sellers CJ, Ananworanich J, Cohen MS. The HIV treatment cascade in acutely infected people: informing global guidelines. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015;10(6):395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2508_CR42","unstructured":"Nederlandse vereniging van HIV-behandelaren. Hoofdstuk 5. Diagnostiek en behandeling primaire HIV-infectie. 2015. http:\/\/www.Nvhb.Nl\/richtlijnhiv\/index.Php\/Hoofdstuk_5._Diagnostiek_en_behandeling_primaire_HIV-infectie . Accessed 17 December 2016."},{"key":"2508_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKellar MS, Cope AB, Gay CL, McGee KS, Kuruc JD, Kerkau MG, Hurt CB, fiscus SA, Ferrari G, Margolis DM et al. Acute HIV-1 infection in the Southeastern United States: a cohort study. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 2013, 29(1):121-128.","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0064"},{"issue":"7","key":"2508_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1086\/512088","volume":"195","author":"BG Brenner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, Moisi D, Ntemgwa M, Matte C, et al. High rates of forward transmission events after acute\/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(7):951\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2805-y","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000}}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2508-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1569450583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2508-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2508-4","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2805-y","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"article-number":"425"}}