{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:57:50Z","timestamp":1793408270368,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FIRB project","award":["RBAP11YS7K_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBAP11YS7K_001"]}]},{"name":"InterOmics","award":["PB05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PB05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T14:13:55Z","timestamp":1527862435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the HEPVIR working group of the European Society for translational antiviral research (ESAR)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Colagrossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas E.","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Salpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan D.","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziv","family":"Ben-Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greet","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Seguin-Devaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Dyda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukran","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Krarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Lazarevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja M.","family":"Lunar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Maylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Micheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Paraschiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitros","family":"Paraskevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Poljak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Puchhammer-St\u00f6ckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrine","family":"Stene-Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nijaz","family":"Tihic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Trimoulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Vince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snjezana Zidovec","family":"Lepej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fclay","family":"Yalcinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A. B.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie M. J.","family":"Wensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo F.","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Svicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X","volume":"386","author":"A Schweitzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet. 2015;386:1546\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"3161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.01.027","volume":"64","author":"S Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong S, Revill P. Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability. J Hepatol. 2016;64(Suppl):S4\u2013S16.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3161_CR3","unstructured":"Geno2pheno [hbv]. http:\/\/hbv.bioinf.mpi-inf.mpg.de\/index.php . Accessed Aug 2009."},{"issue":"24","key":"3161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7653","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i24.7653","volume":"20","author":"I Lazarevic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lazarevic I. Clinical implications of hepatitis B virus mutations: recent advances. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(24):7653\u201364.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20605","volume":"78","author":"JM Echevarr\u00eca","year":"2006","unstructured":"Echevarr\u00eca JM, Avell\u00f3n A. Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity. J Med Virol. 2006;78(Suppl 1):S36\u201342.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27604","volume":"61","author":"R Salpini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salpini R, Colagrossi L, Bellocchi MC, et al. Hepatitis B surface antigen genetic elements critical for immune-escape correlate with hepatitis B virus reactivation upon immunosuppression. Hepatology. 2015;61(3):823\u201333.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR7","first-page":"180","volume":"65","author":"L Ceccarelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ceccarelli L, Salpini R, Sarmati L, Svicher V, Bertoli A, Sordillo P, Ricciardi A, Perno CF, Andreoni M, Sarrecchia C. Late hepatitis B virus reactivation after lamivudine prophylaxis interruption in an anti-HBs-positive and anti-HBc-negative patient treated with rituximab-containing therapy. J Inf Secur. 2012;65(2):180\u20133.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"11","key":"3161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis268","volume":"205","author":"N Martel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martel N, Cotte L, Trabaud MA, Trepo C, Zoulim F, Gomes SA, Kay A. Probable corticosteroid-induced reactivation of latent hepatitis B virus infection in an HIV-positive patient involving immune-escape. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(11):1757\u201361.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.06.020","volume":"58","author":"N Coppola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coppola N, Loquercio G, Tonziello G, Azzaro R, Pisaturo M, Di Costanzo G, Starace M, Pasquale G, Cacciapuoti C, Petruzziello A. HBV transmission from an occult carrier with five mutations in the major hydrophilic region of HBsAg to an immunosuppressed plasma recipient. J Clin Virol. 2013;58(1):315\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"3161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salpini R, Piermatteo L, Di Carlo D, et al. Specific vaccine-escape HBsAg mutations in HBV genotype D infected patients correlate with high viremia and hamper HBsAg detection and quantification. Accepted for Oral presentation at 8th Italian Conference on AIDS and antiviral research (ICAR). Siena: ICAR; 2017.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(17)31833-0"},{"issue":"9","key":"3161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2422-x","volume":"34","author":"RA Pond\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pond\u00e9 RA. Molecular mechanisms underlying HBsAg negativity in occult HBV infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(9):1709\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3161_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1086\/368083","volume":"36","author":"CL Lai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lai CL, Dienstag J, Schiff E, Leung NW, Atkins M, Hunt C, Brown N, Woessner M, Boehme R, Condreay L. Prevalence and clinical correlates of YMDD variants during lamivudine therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(6):687\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","volume":"67","author":"European Association For The Study Of The Liver","year":"2017","unstructured":"European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017;67(2):370\u201398.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2573","volume":"19","author":"P Marcellin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marcellin P, Arama V, Leblebicioglu H, et al. Chronic hepatitis B treatment initiation and modification patterns in five European countries: a 2-year longitudinal, non-interventional study. Antivir Ther. 2014;19(3):235\u201343.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3161_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2719","volume":"19","author":"V Arama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arama V, Leblebicioglu H, Simon K, et al. Chronic hepatitis B monitoring and treatment patterns in five European countries with different access and reimbursement policies. Antivir Ther. 2014;19(3):245\u201357.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1246","volume":"293","author":"J Torresi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torresi J, Earnest-Silveira L, Deliyannis G, Edgtton K, Zhuang H, Locarnini SA, Fyfe J, Sozzi T, Jackson DC. Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy. Virology. 2002;293(2):305\u201313.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.04.041","volume":"61","author":"T Pollicino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Saffioti F, Raimondo G. Hepatitis B virus PreS\/S gene variants: pathobiology and clinical implications. J Hepatol. 2014;61(2):408\u201317.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv363","volume":"213","author":"LE Hermans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hermans LE, Svicher V, Pas SD, et al. Combined analysis of the prevalence of drug-resistant hepatitis B virus in antiviral therapy-experienced patients in Europe (CAPRE). J Infect Dis. 2016;213(1):39\u201348.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00049-5","volume":"25","author":"J Torresi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torresi J. The virological and clinical significance of mutations in the overlapping envelope and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Virol. 2002;25(2):97\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"3161_CR20","unstructured":"Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucleic Acid Res. 1999:95\u20138."},{"issue":"9","key":"3161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302408","volume":"62","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Guindon S, Rodrigo A, Wee LY, Inoue M, Thompson AJ, Locarnini S, Lim SG. Cumulative viral evolutionary changes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection precedes hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. Gut. 2013;62(9):1347\u201355.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"3161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.04.017","volume":"42","author":"V Svicher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Svicher V, Alteri C, Gori C, et al. Lamivudine-resistance mutations can be selected even at very low levels of hepatitis B viraemia. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42(12):902\u20137.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31015","volume":"122","author":"CT Bock","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bock CT, Tillmann HL, Torresi J, et al. Selection of hepatitis B virus polymerase mutants with enhanced replication by lamivudine treatment after liver transplantation. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(2):264\u201373.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01796-09","volume":"84","author":"S Amini-Bavil-Olyaee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Vucur M, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tacke F. Differential impact of immune-escape mutations G145R and P120T on the replication of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus e antigen-positive and -negative strains. J Virol. 2010;84(2):1026\u201333.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3161_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.11.029","volume":"62","author":"M Luongo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luongo M, Critelli R, Grottola A, Gitto S, Bernabucci V, Bevini M, Vecchi C, Montagnani G, Villa E. Acute hepatitis B caused by a vaccine-escape HBV strain in vaccinated subject: sequence analysis and therapeutic strategy. J Clin Virol. 2015;62:89\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1086\/323396","volume":"184","author":"A Mele","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mele A, Tancredi F, Roman\u00f2 L, Giuseppone A, Colucci M, Sangiuolo A, Lecce R, Adamo B, Tosti ME, Taliani G, Zanetti AR. Effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers in Italy. J Infect Dis. 2001;184(7):905\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.002","volume":"143","author":"MW Lai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lai MW, Lin TY, Tsao KC, Huang CG, Hsiao MJ, Liang KH, Yeh CT. Increased seroprevalence of HBV-DNA with mutations in the s gene among individuals greater than 18 years old after complete vaccination. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):400\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.021","volume":"57","author":"S Shahmoradi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shahmoradi S, Yahyapour Y, Mahmoodi M, Alavian SM, Fazeli Z, Jazayeri SM. High prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers despite prophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccination and HBIG. J Hepatol. 2012;57(3):515\u201321.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.008","volume":"62","author":"P Charuworn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Charuworn P, Hengen PN, Aguilar Schall R, et al. Baseline interpatient hepatitis B viral diversity differentiates HBsAg outcomes in patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Hepatol. 2015;62(5):1033\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12498","volume":"23","author":"A Velay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Velay A, Jeulin H, Eschlimann M, et al. Characterization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen variability and impact onHBs antigen clearance under nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy. J Viral Hepat. 2016;23(5):387\u201398.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"3161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.05.009","volume":"57","author":"CH Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang CH, Yuan Q, Chen PJ, et al. Influence of mutations in hepatitis B virus surface protein on viral antigenicity and phenotype in occult HBV strains from blood donors. J Hepatol. 2012;57(4):720\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.10.022","volume":"93","author":"V Svicher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Svicher V, Cento V, Bernassola M, et al. Novel HBsAg markers tightly correlate with occult HBV infection and strongly affect HBsAg detection. Antivir Res. 2012;93(1):86\u201393.","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3161_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.038","volume":"50","author":"V Svicher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Svicher V, Gori C, Trignetti M, et al. The profile of mutational clusters associated with lamivudine resistance can be constrained by HBV genotypes. J Hepatol. 2009;50(3):461\u201370.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04219-7","volume":"357","author":"B Z\u00f6llner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Z\u00f6llner B, Petersen J, Schr\u00f6ter M, Laufs R, Schoder V, Feucht HH. 20-fold increase in risk of lamivudine resistance in hepatitis B virus subtype adw. Lancet. 2001;357:934\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"3161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.07.002","volume":"21","author":"R Ozaras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozaras R, Corti G, Ruta S, et al. Differences in the availability of diagnostics and treatment modalities for chronic hepatitis B across Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(11):1027\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"3161_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2006.00235.x","volume":"97","author":"HC Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang HC, Huang W, Lai MD, Su IJ. Hepatitis B virus pre-S mutants, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci. 2006;97:683\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300701","volume":"13","author":"MW Lai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lai MW, Yeh CT. The oncogenic potential of hepatitis B virus rtA181T\/ surface truncation mutant. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(7):875\u20139.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.028","volume":"56","author":"SA Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee SA, Kim K, Kim H, Kim BJ. Nucleotide change of codon 182 in the surface gene of hepatitis B virus genotype C leading to truncated surface protein is associated with progression of liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2012;56(1):63\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22295","volume":"48","author":"N Warner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warner N, Locarnini S. The antiviral drug selected hepatitis B virus rtA181T\/sW172* mutant has a dominant negative secretion defect and alters the typical profile of viral rebound. Hepatology. 2008;48(1):88\u201398.","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T22:31:36Z","timestamp":1661380296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3161-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Approval was provided by:In accordance with National Guidelines and\/or legislature, approval by Ethic Committee was not necessary since the study was based on a retrospective analysis of anonymized viral sequences obtained for clinical routine practice for the following centers: Italy (as outlined in art. 6 and art. 9 from the legislative decree 211\/2003), The Netherlands (as outlined in 7:467 of the Dutch Civil Code [WMO] and 7:457 [WGBO]), Denmark (as outlined in the Act on Research Ethics Review of Health Research Projects), Turkey (as outlined in art. 2 from Regulations on Clinical Research, Official Gazette, Number 28617 at Apr 13, 2013), Luxembourg (as outlined in art. 25 of 28th august 1998 law on hospitals establishments), Poland (as outlined in the Polish Act from on December 5, 1996, on \u201cphysician professions and dentists\u201d and in art. 37.1 Act of September 6, 2001 with changes on April 20, 2004 \u201cPharmaceutical Law\u201d), Norway (as outlined in the Regional comittees of medical and health research ethics in Norway, reference nr 2012\/896), France (as outlined in French Public Health Law CSP Art. L 1121\u20131.1), Rumenia (as outlined in leg. 46\/2003), Slovenia (as outlined in 26 Direktive 98\/44\/EC). For Croatia, specific national guidelines\/legislatives on this issue are currently not available, thus approval was deemed unnecessary according the Internal Regulation of the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, in Zagreb. For Germany, at the time of sequences submission, there was no specific requirement concerning retrospective studies, legislations covered only clinical trials involving drugs or medical device. Part of the samples derived from our RESINA-cohort which is approved by the ethics \u201cCologne-16-460\u201d.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"IL received a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia, (Grant No. 175073), during the conduct of the study. SP received a grant from project BESTHOPE, (Grant No. 4\u2013003\/2012 (UEFISCDI)), during the conduct of the study. NW received a grant from The Danish Council for Independent Research (Grant No. 12\u2013127,717), during the conduct of the study, and received fees for advisory board participation, lectures and chairing meetings from Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo Smith Kline, Janssen, MSD and Medivir. AMJW received consultancy fees, travel and\/or research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, MSD and Viiv Healthcare. None of these were related to this work. DP received funding by the Hellenic Scientific Society for the study of AIDS and STDs, during the conduct of the study. VS and CFP received educational and research grants from BMS and Gilead, during the conduct of this study. The other authors have no conflict of interests.Results reported in this manuscript have been presented in part at the 51st International Liver Congress 2016, promoted by EASL and at the 14th European Meeting of HIV & Hepatitis 2016.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"251"}}