{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:22:58Z","timestamp":1791116578353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T14:34:28Z","timestamp":1537886068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in children with acute otitis media\u2013 high risk of persistent colonization after treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Korona-Glowniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Zychowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radoslaw","family":"Siwiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Niedzielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","volume":"4","author":"D Bogaert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bogaert D, de Groot R, Hermans PWM. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization: the key to pneumococcal disease. The Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:144\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7 .","journal-title":"The Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01340-09","volume":"54","author":"E Sadowy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sadowy E, Kuch A, Gniadkowski M, Hryniewicz W. Expansion and evolution of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Spain9V-ST156 clonal complex in Poland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:1720\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01340-09 .","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1386-8","volume":"31","author":"L Siira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siira L, Javala J, Tissari P, Vaara M, Kaijalainen T, Virolainen A. Clonality behind the increase of multidrug-resistance among non-invasive pneumococci in southern Finland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31:867\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1386-8 .","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093752","volume":"9","author":"Q Geng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geng Q, Zhang T, Ding Y, Tao Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children hospitalized with respiratory infections in Suzhou, China. PlosOne. 2014;9:e93752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0093752 .","journal-title":"PlosOne"},{"key":"3398_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001","volume":"9","author":"L McGee","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGee L, McDougal L, Zhou J, et al. Nomenclature of major antimicrobial-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae defined by the pneumococcal molecular epidemiology network. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;9:2565\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001 .","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6","volume":"374","author":"KL O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien KL, Wolfson LJ, Watt JP, et al. Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet. 2009;374:893\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3398_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.05.010","volume":"14","author":"DJ Isaacman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isaacman DJ, McIntosh ED, Reinert RR. Burden of invasive pneumococcal disease and serotype distribution among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in young children in Europe: impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and considerations for the future conjugate vaccines. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:e197\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.05.010 .","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83","volume":"160","author":"DW Teele","year":"1989","unstructured":"Teele DW, Klein JO, Rosner B. Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study. J Infect Dis. 1989;160:83\u201394.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"3398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.006","volume":"26","author":"A Vergison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vergison A. Microbiology of otitis media: a moving target. Vaccine. 2008;26(Suppl 7):G5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.006 .","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12986","volume":"43","author":"I Korona-Glowniak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Korona-Glowniak I, Mazur E, Zychowski P, Niedzielska G, Koziol-Montewka M. MalmA. Bacterial etiology of recalcitrant acute otitis media in sixty two children - high risk of pathogen colonization after treatment. Clin. Otolaryngology. 2018;43:665\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/coa.12986 .","journal-title":"Otolaryngology"},{"key":"3398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70012-8","volume":"10","author":"A Vergison","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vergison A, Dagan R, Arguedas A, et al. Otitis media and its consequences: beyond the earache. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70012-8 .","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199503000-00003","volume":"14","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pichichero ME, Pichichero CL. Persistent acute otitis media: II. Antimicrobial treatment Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995;14:183\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrobial treatment Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.04.012","volume":"68","author":"D Dupont","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dupont D, Mahjoub-Messai F, Fran\u00e7ois M, et al. Evolving microbiology of complicated acute otitis media before and after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in France. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;68:89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.04.012 .","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.008","volume":"26S","author":"E Leibowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leibowitz E. Complicated otitis media and its implications. Vaccine. 2008;26S:G16\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.11.008 .","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"3398_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1086\/429918","volume":"191","author":"S Libson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Libson S, Dagan R, Greenberg D, et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae at the completion of successful antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media predisposes to early clinical recurrence. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:1869\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/429918 .","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057","volume":"9","author":"AA Bosch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bosch AA, Biesbroek G, Trzcinski K, Sanders EA, Bogaert D. Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9:e1003057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057 .","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3398_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-11","volume":"25","author":"BM Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA, O'May GA, Costerton JW, Shirtliff ME. Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25:193\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00013-11 .","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3398_CR18","volume-title":"Otitis media in infants and children","author":"CD Bluestone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bluestone CD. Definitions, terminology, and classification. In: Bluestone CD, Klein JO, Decker BC, editors. Otitis media in infants and children. 4th ed. Canada: Hamilton; 2007.","edition":"4"},{"key":"3398_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158909","volume":"11","author":"I Korona-Glowniak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Korona-Glowniak I, Maj M, Siwiec R, Niedzielski A, Malm A. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0158909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158909 .","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3398_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883742","volume":"19","author":"A Niedzielski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niedzielski A, Korona-Glowniak I, Malm A. High prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adenoids and nasopharynx in preschool children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in Poland--distribution of serotypes and drug resistance patterns. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.883742 .","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"3398_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318154b24a","volume":"26","author":"E Leibowitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leibowitz E. The challenge of recalcitrant acute otitis media: pathogens, resistance, and treatment strategy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26(Suppl. 10):S8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e318154b24a .","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1772","volume":"298","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pichichero ME, Casey JR. Emergence of a multiresistant serotype 19A pneumococcal strain not included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine as an otopathogen in children. JAMA. 2007;298:1772\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.298.15.1772 .","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3398_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200004000-00007","volume":"19","author":"M Eldan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eldan M, Leibovitz E, Piglansky L, et al. Predictive value of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal cultures for the assessment of nonresponsive acute otitis media in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:298\u2013303.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.016","volume":"77","author":"K Stol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stol K, Verhaegh SJ, Graamans K, Engel JA, Sturm PD, Melchers WJ, Meis JF, Warris A, Hays JP, Hermans PW. Microbial profiling does not differentiate between childhood recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77:488\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.016 .","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3398_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000081119","volume":"66","author":"M Hotomi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hotomi M, Yamanaka N, Billal DS, Sakai A, Yamauchi K, Suzumoto M, Takei S, Yasui N, Moriyama S, Kuki K. Genotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from paired middle ear fluid and nasopharynx by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2004;66:233\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000081119 .","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"3398_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3140-3144.2005","volume":"43","author":"EL Tonnaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tonnaer EL, Rijkers GT, Meis JF, Klaassen CH, Bogaert D, Hermans PW, Curfs JH. Genetic relatedness between pneumococcal populations originating from the nasopharynx, adenoid, and tympanic cavity of children with otitis media. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3140\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3140-3144.2005 .","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3398_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199910000-00023","volume":"18","author":"WJ Rodriguez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rodriguez WJ, Schwartz RH. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes otitis media with higher fever and more redness of tympanic membranes than Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:942\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1086\/380642","volume":"38","author":"AA Palmu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palmu AA, Herva E, Savolainen H, Karma P, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 PH, Kilpi TM. Association of clinical signs and symptoms with bacterial findings in acute otitis media. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:234\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/380642 .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200003000-00019","volume":"19","author":"DP McCormick","year":"2000","unstructured":"McCormick DP, Lim-Melia E, Saeed K, Baldwin CD, Chonmaitree T. Otitis media: can clinical findings predict bacterial or viral etiology? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:256\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181950c74","volume":"28","author":"G Barkai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barkai G, Leibovitz E, Givon-Lavi N, Dagan R. Potential contribution by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in protracted and recurrent acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:466\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181950c74 .","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000554","volume":"34","author":"N Mayanskiy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mayanskiy N, Alyabieva N, Ponomarenko O, et al. Bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal serotypes and genotypes among children in Moscow, Russia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34:255\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000554 .","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.09.030","volume":"79","author":"B Zielnik-Jurkiewicz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B, Bielicka A. Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with acute otitis media treatment failure. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79:2129\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.09.030 .","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3398_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1086\/509332","volume":"43","author":"A Ruohola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruohola A, Meurman O, Nikkari S, Skottman T, Salmi A, Waris M, Osterback R, Eerola E, Allander T, Niesters H, Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O. Microbiology of acute otitis media in children with tympanostomy tubes: prevalences of bacteria and viruses. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1417\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/509332 .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3637-2","volume":"273","author":"N Nourizadeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nourizadeh N, Ghazvini K, Gharavi V, et al. Evaluation of nasopharyngeal microbial flora and antibiogram and its relation to otitis media with effusion. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;273:859\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-015-3637-2 .","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3398_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.04.002","volume":"77","author":"F Pumarola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pumarola F, Mar\u00e8s J, Losada I, Minguella I, Moraga F, Tarrag\u00f3 D, Aguilera U, Casanovas JM, Gadea G, Tr\u00edas E, Cenoz S, Sistiaga A, Garc\u00eda-Corbeira P, Pir\u00e7on JY, Marano C, Hausdorff WP. Microbiology of bacteria causing recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and AOM treatment failure in young children in Spain: shifting pathogens in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccination era. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77:1231\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.04.002 .","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3398_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0619","volume":"121","author":"F Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou F, Shefer A, Kong Y, et al. Trends in acute otitis media-related health care utilization by privately insured young children in the United States, 1997-2004. Pediatrics. 2008;121:253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2007-0619 .","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3398_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13772-5","volume":"361","author":"R Veenhoven","year":"2003","unstructured":"Veenhoven R, Bogaert D, Uiterwaal C, et al. Effect of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine followed by polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine on recurrent acute otitis media: a randomised study. Lancet. 2003;361:2189\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13772-5 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3398_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c1bc48","volume":"29","author":"JR Casey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Casey JR, Adlowitz DG, Pichichero ME. New patterns in the otopathogens causing acute otitis media six to eight years after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29:304\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c1bc48 .","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"3398_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2013-053","volume":"62","author":"I Korona-Glowniak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korona-Glowniak I, Niedzielski A, Malm A, Niedzielska G. Serotypes and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from adenoids in preschool children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Pol J Microbiol. 2013;62:385\u201390.","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"3398_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2283-8","volume":"34","author":"A Skoczy\u0144ska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skoczy\u0144ska A, Kuch A, Sadowy E, et al. Recent trends in epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34:779\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2283-8 .","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3398_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007199","volume":"135","author":"ED McIntosch","year":"2007","unstructured":"McIntosch ED, Fritzell B, Fletcher MA. Burden of paediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Europe, 2005. Epidemiol Infect. 2007;135:644\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268806007199 .","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"3398_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01072-06","volume":"51","author":"E Sadowy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadowy E, Izdebski R, Skoczynska A, Grzesiowski P, Gniadkowski M, Hryniewicz W. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Poland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:40\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01072-06 .","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3398_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00157-07","volume":"51","author":"L Calatayud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Calatayud L, Ardanuy C, Cercenado E, Fenoll AD, Bouza E, Pallar\u00e9s R, Mart\u00edn R, Li\u00f1ares J. Serotypes, clones, and mechanisms of resistance of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3240\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00157-07 .","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3398_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02321-07","volume":"46","author":"MR Jacobs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacobs MR, Good CE, Beall B, Bajaksouzian S, Windau AR, Whitney CG. Changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Cleveland: a quarter century of experience. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:982\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02321-07 .","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3398_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01343-08","volume":"191","author":"NJ Croucher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Croucher NJ, Walker D, Romero P, Lennard N, Paterson GK, Bason NC, Mitchell AM, Quail MA, Andrew PW, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, Mitchell TJ. Role of conjugative elements in the evolution of the multidrug-resistant pandemic clone Streptococcus pneumoniae Spain23F ST81. J Bacterial. 2009;191:1480\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.01343-08 .","journal-title":"J Bacterial"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T01:04:59Z","timestamp":1605056699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3398-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Ethical Committee of the Medical University of Lublin approved the study protocol (No. KE-0254\/75\/211). From all children\u2019s parents written informed consent was obtained.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"478"}}