{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1793862639930,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development","award":["108.02-2017.15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108.02-2017.15"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany","award":["BMBF01DP17047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF01DP17047"]}]},{"name":"DAAD-PAGEL","award":["57140033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57140033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T12:18:15Z","timestamp":1542025095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hoang","family":"Van Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nghiem Xuan","family":"Hoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai Thanh","family":"Binh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao Thanh","family":"Quyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Anh","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang","family":"Van Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do","family":"Quyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Huu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Linh","family":"Toan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumalaisamy P.","family":"Velavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3473_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Hepatitis B Fact sheet. 2017. Ref Type: Report."},{"key":"3473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01646.x","volume":"28","author":"VT Nguyen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nguyen VT, Law MG, Dore GJ. An enormous hepatitis B virus-related liver disease burden projected in Vietnam by 2025. Liver Int. 2008;28:525\u201331.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"3473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539510385220","volume":"24","author":"VT Nguyen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nguyen VT. Hepatitis B infection in Vietnam: current issues and future challenges. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2012;24:361\u201373.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"3473_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1001683","volume":"365","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1118\u201327.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3473_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27323","volume":"61","author":"B Rehermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rehermann B, Bertoletti A. Immunological aspects of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Hepatology. 2015;61:712\u201321.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3473_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1345721","volume":"33","author":"F Guerrieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guerrieri F, Belloni L, Pediconi N, Levrero M. Molecular mechanisms of HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Semin Liver Dis. 2013;33:147\u201356.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"3473_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu XG, Liu Y, Chen F. Soluble fibrinogen like protein 2 (sFGL2), the novel effector molecule for immunoregulation. Oncotarget. 2017;8(2):3711\u201323.","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12533"},{"key":"3473_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2000.6444","volume":"71","author":"S Yuwaraj","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yuwaraj S, Ding J, Liu M, Marsden PA, Levy GA. Genomic characterization, localization, and functional expression of FGL2, the human gene encoding fibroleukin: a novel human procoagulant. Genomics. 2001;71:330\u20138.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"3473_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64992-9","volume":"156","author":"GA Levy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levy GA, Liu M, Ding J, Yuwaraj S, Leibowitz J, Marsden PA, et al. Molecular and functional analysis of the human prothrombinase gene (HFGL2) and its role in viral hepatitis. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:1217\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"3473_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.10.014","volume":"45","author":"H Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu H, Yang PS, Zhu T, Manuel J, Zhang J, He W, et al. Characterization of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2): monomeric FGL2 has enhanced immunosuppressive activity in comparison to oligomeric FGL2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:408\u201318.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"3473_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22684","volume":"49","author":"I Shalev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shalev I, Wong KM, Foerster K, Zhu Y, Chan C, Maknojia A, et al. The novel CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell effector molecule fibrinogen-like protein 2 contributes to the outcome of murine fulminant viral hepatitis. Hepatology. 2009;49:387\u201397.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3473_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000116","volume":"97","author":"L Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang L, Yang C, Xu M, Hu M, Wang X, Zhu T. The role of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 in transplantation: protection or damage. Transplantation. 2014;97:1201\u20136.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"3473_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2012.05.082","volume":"44","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Yang C, Tang Q, Zhao T, Jia Y, Ma Z, et al. Serum level of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 in renal allograft recipients with acute rejection: a preliminary study. Transplant Proc. 2012;44:2982\u20135.","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"3473_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-014-9568-y","volume":"8","author":"Y Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun Y, Xi D, Ding W, Wang F, Zhou H, Ning Q. Soluble FGL2, a novel effector molecule of activated hepatic stellate cells, regulates T-cell function in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int. 2014;8:567\u201375.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"3473_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10004","volume":"1","author":"I Shalev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shalev I, Selzner N, Helmy A, Foerster K, Adeyi OA, Grant DR, et al. The role of FGL2 in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2010;1:e0004.","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med J"},{"key":"3473_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.5754\/hge11248","volume":"58","author":"Y Colak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colak Y, Senates E, Ozturk O, Yilmaz Y, Coskunpinar E, Kahraman OT, et al. Plasma fibrinogen-like protein 2 levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 2011;58:2087\u201390.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"3473_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2006.17.589","volume":"17","author":"C Zhu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhu C, Sun Y, Luo X, Yan W, Xi D, Ning Q. Novel mfgl2 antisense plasmid inhibits murine fgl2 expression and ameliorates murine hepatitis virus type 3-induced fulminant hepatitis in BALB\/cJ mice. Hum Gene Ther. 2006;17:589\u2013600.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"3473_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72309","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072309","volume":"8","author":"R Khattar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khattar R, Luft O, Yavorska N, Shalev I, Phillips MJ, Adeyi O, et al. Targeted deletion of FGL2 leads to increased early viral replication and enhanced adaptive immunity in a murine model of acute viral hepatitis caused by LCMV WE. PLoS One. 2013;8:e72309.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3473_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.020","volume":"53","author":"K Foerster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foerster K, Helmy A, Zhu Y, Khattar R, Adeyi OA, Wong KM, et al. The novel immunoregulatory molecule FGL2: a potential biomarker for severity of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2010;53:608\u201315.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3473_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27858","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25559","volume":"9","author":"TH Van","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van TH, Hoan NX, Binh MT, Quyen DT, Meyer CG, Song LH, et al. Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein serum levels and clinical outcome of hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. Oncotarget. 2018;9:27858\u201371.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3473_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.02.010","volume":"57","author":"EASL clinical practice guidelines","year":"2012","unstructured":"EASL clinical practice guidelines. Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012;57:167\u201385.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3473_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","volume":"53","author":"J Bruix","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology. 2011;53:1020\u20132.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3473_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02691.x","volume":"22","author":"E Cholongitas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV, Vangeli M, Terreni N, Patch D, Burroughs AK. Systematic review: the model for end-stage liver disease--should it replace child-Pugh's classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:1079\u201389.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3473_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17127","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15083","volume":"8","author":"NX Hoan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoan NX, Van TH, Giang DP, Cuong BK, Toan NL, Wedemeyer H, et al. SOCS3 genetic variants and promoter hypermethylation in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Oncotarget. 2017;8:17127\u201339.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3473_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13149-x","volume":"7","author":"M Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang M, Cao X, Li P, Zhang K, Li Y, Zheng QY, et al. Increased expression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7:12676.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3473_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6936","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i44.6936","volume":"11","author":"CL Zhu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhu CL, Yan WM, Zhu F, Zhu YF, Xi D, Tian DY, et al. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 fibroleukin expression and its correlation with disease progression in murine hepatitis virus type 3-induced fulminant hepatitis and in patients with severe viral hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11:6936\u201340.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3473_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18114","volume":"112","author":"PA Marsden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marsden PA, Ning Q, Fung LS, Luo X, Chen Y, Mendicino M, et al. The Fgl2\/fibroleukin prothrombinase contributes to immunologically mediated thrombosis in experimental and human viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:58\u201366.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3473_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.04.011","volume":"87","author":"H Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu H, Liu Y, Huang J, Wang H, Yan W, Xi D, et al. IL-33 protects murine viral fulminant hepatitis by targeting coagulation hallmark protein FGL2\/fibroleukin expression. Mol Immunol. 2017;87:171\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"3473_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-015-8727-0","volume":"64","author":"D Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu D, Wang H, Yan W, Chen T, Wang M, Han M, et al. A disparate subset of double-negative T cells contributes to the outcome of murine fulminant viral hepatitis via effector molecule fibrinogen-like protein 2. Immunol Res. 2016;64:518\u201330.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3473_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12897","volume":"154","author":"Olga Luft","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klingberg O, Khattar R, Farrokhi K, Ferri D, Yavorska N, Zhang J, et al. Inhibition of the FGL2:FcgammaRIIB\/RIII immunosuppressive pathway enhances antiviral T cell and B cell responses leading to clearance of LCMV cl-13. Immunology. 2018;154(3):476\u201389.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"3473_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.050","volume":"62","author":"J Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu J, Tan Y, Zhang J, Zou L, Deng G, Xu X, et al. C5aR, TNF-alpha, and FGL2 contribute to coagulation and complement activation in virus-induced fulminant hepatitis. J Hepatol. 2015;62:354\u201362.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3473_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27114","volume":"60","author":"GL Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu GL, Chen J, Yang F, Li GQ, Zheng LX, Wu YZ. C5a\/C5aR pathway is essential for the pathogenesis of murine viral fulminant hepatitis by way of potentiating Fgl2\/fibroleukin expression. Hepatology. 2014;60:114\u201324.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3473_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2012.02865.x","volume":"32","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xu L, Zeng Q, Wang J, Wang M, Xi D, et al. Downregulation of FGL2\/prothrombinase delays HCCLM6 xenograft tumour growth and decreases tumour angiogenesis. Liver Int. 2012;32:1585\u201395.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"3473_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5980","volume":"14","author":"K Su","year":"2008","unstructured":"Su K, Chen F, Yan WM, Zeng QL, Xu L, Xi D, et al. Fibrinogen-like protein 2\/fibroleukin prothrombinase contributes to tumor hypercoagulability via IL-2 and IFN-gamma. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:5980\u20139.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3473_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001347","volume":"7","author":"Y Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Y, Wu S, Guo G, Fei L, Guo S, Yang C, et al. Programmed death (PD)-1-deficient mice are extremely sensitive to murine hepatitis virus strain-3 (MHV-3) infection. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1001347.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3473_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.11.023","volume":"136","author":"E Rabizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabizadeh E, Cherny I, Lederfein D, Sherman S, Binkovsky N, Rosenblat Y, et al. The cell-membrane prothrombinase, fibrinogen-like protein 2, promotes angiogenesis and tumor development. Thromb Res. 2015;136:118\u201324.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"3473_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0181-7","volume":"31","author":"WZ Qin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qin WZ, Li QL, Chen WF, Xu MD, Zhang YQ, Zhong YS, et al. Overexpression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor progression in colorectal carcinoma. Med Oncol. 2014;31:181.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"3473_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.2883","volume":"18","author":"M Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu J, Xi D, Luo X, Ning Q. Adenovirus-mediated artificial microRNA against human fibrinogen like protein 2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth. J Gene Med. 2016;18:102\u201311.","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"3473_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.05.033","volume":"56","author":"N Selzner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Selzner N, Liu H, Boehnert MU, Adeyi OA, Shalev I, Bartczak AM, et al. FGL2\/fibroleukin mediates hepatic reperfusion injury by induction of sinusoidal endothelial cell and hepatocyte apoptosis in mice. J Hepatol. 2012;56:153\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T03:09:37Z","timestamp":1605409777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-018-3473-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was received from all participants after detailed explanation of the study at the time of blood sampling. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU) and the 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"553"}}