{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:37:25Z","timestamp":1787506645874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T08:04:43Z","timestamp":1548749083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Program-wide review and follow-up of erythema Induratum of Bazin and tuberculosis-associated ocular inflammation management in a TB low-incidence setting: need for improved treatment candidate selection, therapy standardization, and care collaboration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4109-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J.","family":"Connors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis Y.","family":"Kunimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Jarand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3737_CR1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report: 2018","author":"(WHO) WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"(WHO) WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report: 2018. 2018."},{"issue":"9","key":"3737_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/605559","volume":"49","author":"HM Peto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peto HM, Pratt RH, Harrington TA, LoBue PA, Armstrong LR. Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(9):1350\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3737_CR3","volume-title":"Canadian Tuberculosis Standards, 7th Edition. Canadian Thoracic Society, Canadian Lung Association, Pubilc Helath Agency of Canada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menzies D, Wong T, editors. Canadian Tuberculosis Standards, 7th Edition. Canadian Thoracic Society, Canadian Lung Association, Pubilc Helath Agency of Canada. eds ed; 2013.","edition":"eds"},{"issue":"5","key":"3737_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203050-00004","volume":"3","author":"J Barbagallo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barbagallo J, Tager P, Ingleton R, Hirsch RJ, Weinberg JM. Cutaneous tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(5):319\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"3737_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S65254","volume":"9","author":"FI Shakarchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shakarchi FI. Ocular tuberculosis: current perspectives. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ). 2015;9:2223\u20137.","journal-title":"Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofv195","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv195","volume":"3","author":"MM Conant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conant MM, Vrasich CR, Wongskhaluang JV, Ferenchak K, Asano MK, Becker N, et al. Role of the infectious disease consultant in Management of Patients with Tuberculosis-Associated Ocular Inflammation. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016;3(1):ofv195.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2008.05.007","volume":"26","author":"JM Mascaro Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mascaro JM Jr, Baselga E. Erythema induratum of bazin. Dermatol Clin. 2008;26(4):439\u201345 v.","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"3737_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114735","volume":"45","author":"L Requena","year":"2001","unstructured":"Requena L, Sanchez YE. Panniculitis. Part II. Mostly lobular panniculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(3):325\u201361 quiz 62-4.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3737_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.030","volume":"59","author":"S Segura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Segura S, Pujol RM, Trindade F, Requena L. Vasculitis in erythema induratum of Bazin: a histopathologic study of 101 biopsy specimens from 86 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(5):839\u201351.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3737_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02766.x","volume":"40","author":"M Ang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ang M, Hedayatfar A, Zhang R, Chee SP. Clinical signs of uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;40(7):689\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3737_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/09273940903168688","volume":"17","author":"DV Vasconcelos-Santos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Zierhut M, Rao NA. Strengths and weaknesses of diagnostic tools for tuberculous uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(5):351\u20135.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.986584","volume":"23","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Gupta B, Gonzalez-Lopez JJ, Rahman F, Phatak S, Triantafyllopoulou I, et al. The role of anti-tubercular therapy in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(1):40\u20136.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.986582","volume":"23","author":"V Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta V, Shoughy SS, Mahajan S, Khairallah M, Rosenbaum JT, Curi A, et al. Clinics of ocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(1):14\u201324.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12881","volume":"45","author":"KK Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng KK, Nisbet M, Damato EM, Sims JL. Presumed tuberculous uveitis in non-endemic country for tuberculosis: case series from a New Zealand tertiary uveitis clinic. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;45(4):357\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3737_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300209","volume":"96","author":"M Ang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ang M, Hedayatfar A, Wong W, Chee SP. Duration of anti-tubercular therapy in uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis: a case-control study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(3):332\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01332.x","volume":"23","author":"H Gilchrist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilchrist H, Patterson JW. Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): diagnosis and management. Dermatol Ther. 2010;23(4):320\u20137.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.235","volume":"25","author":"C Sanghvi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanghvi C, Bell C, Woodhead M, Hardy C, Jones N. Presumed tuberculous uveitis: diagnosis, management, and outcome. Eye. 2011;25(4):475\u201380.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"CCDR Supplement","key":"3737_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"41","author":"V Gallant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gallant V, McGuire M, Ogunnaike-Cooke S. A summary of tuberculosis in Canada, 2013. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2015;41(CCDR Supplement S2):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"3737_CR19","unstructured":"Cellestis. QuantiFERON-TB Gold [package insert] [cited 2017 April 10]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/MedicalDevices\/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee\/MicrobiologyDevicesPanel\/UCM260551.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3737_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rademaker M, Lowe DG, Munro DD. Erythema induratum (Bazin's disease). J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21(4 Pt 1):740\u2013745.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70248-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"3737_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb02979.x","volume":"35","author":"KH Cho","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cho KH, Lee DY, Kim CW. Erythema induratum of Bazin. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(11):802\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3737_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.011","volume":"146","author":"R Bansal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bansal R, Gupta A, Gupta V, Dogra MR, Bambery P, Arora SK. Role of anti-tubercular therapy in uveitis with latent\/manifest tuberculosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(5):772\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1999.0210","volume":"79","author":"SK Arora","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arora SK, Gupta V, Gupta A, Bambery P, Kapoor GS, Sehgal S. Diagnostic efficacy of polymerase chain reaction in granulomatous uveitis. Tubercle and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 1999;79(4):229\u201333.","journal-title":"Tubercle and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"issue":"7","key":"3737_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.02.005","volume":"116","author":"M Ang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ang M, Htoon HM, Chee SP. Diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis: clinical application of an interferon-gamma release assay. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(7):1391\u20136.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1869-5760-3-25","volume":"3","author":"K Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma K, Gupta V, Bansal R, Sharma A, Sharma M, Gupta A. Novel multi-targeted polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of presumed tubercular uveitis. Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection. 2013;3(1):25.","journal-title":"Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"3737_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(02)00467-8","volume":"34","author":"G Ortega-Larrocea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ortega-Larrocea G, Bobadilla-del-Valle M, Ponce-de-Leon A, Sifuentes-Osornio J. Nested polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA detection in aqueous and vitreous of patients with uveitis. Arch Med Res. 2003;34(2):116\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3737_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062653","volume":"8","author":"S Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen S, Chen J, Chen L, Zhang Q, Luo X, Zhang W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with the development of erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e62653.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.1004016","volume":"23","author":"ET Cunningham Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cunningham ET Jr, Rathinam SR, Albini TA, Chee SP, Zierhut M. Tuberculous uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(1):2\u20136.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00009.x","volume":"13","author":"PC Alguire","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alguire PC, Mathes BM. Skin biopsy techniques for the internist. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(1):46\u201354.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3737_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.08.015","volume":"52","author":"V Gupta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular tuberculosis--an update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(6):561\u201387.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3737_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2012.697596","volume":"20","author":"S Mehta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehta S. Patterns of systemic uptake of 18-FDG with positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) studies in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012;20(6):434\u20137.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"9","key":"3737_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.182659","volume":"95","author":"D Doycheva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Doycheva D, Deuter C, Hetzel J, Frick JS, Aschoff P, Schuelen E, et al. The use of positron emission tomography\/CT in the diagnosis of tuberculosis-associated uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(9):1290\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3737_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.4485","volume":"135","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Gunasekeran DV, Grant R, Agarwal A, Kon OM, Nguyen QD, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with tubercular uveitis treated with Antitubercular therapy in the collaborative ocular tuberculosis study (COTS)-1. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(12):1318\u201327.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3737_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376","volume":"63","author":"P Nahid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, Barry PM, Brozek JL, Cattamanchi A, et al. Official American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1159\/000074135","volume":"207","author":"A Shimizu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shimizu A, Takahashi A, Negishi I, Tamura A, Ishikawa O. The close association of lymphadenitis tuberculosa and erythema induratum of Bazin in Japanese patients. Dermatology. 2003;207(4):426\u20137.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3737_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.71","volume":"131","author":"SS Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel SS, Saraiya NV, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA. Mycobacterial ocular inflammation: delay in diagnosis and other factors impacting morbidity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(6):752\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940801899822","volume":"16","author":"J Deschenes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, Nussenblatt RB. International uveitis study group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008;16(1):1\u20132.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"3737_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1161-1","volume":"46","author":"L Anibarro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anibarro L, Cortes E, Chouza A, Parafita-Fernandez A, Garcia JC, Pena A, et al. Early treatment of tuberculous uveitis improves visual outcome: a 10-year cohort study. Infection. 2018;46(4):549\u201354.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"3737_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2014.994784","volume":"23","author":"SM Lou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lou SM, Montgomery PA, Larkin KL, Winthrop K, Zierhut M, Rosenbaum JT. Diagnosis and treatment for ocular tuberculosis among uveitis specialists: the international perspective. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(1):32\u20139.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"3737_CR40","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Use of high burden country lists for TB by WHO in the post-2015 era 2015 [Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/high_tb_burdencountrylists2016-2020summary.pdf\n                    \n                  ."}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T20:31:47Z","timestamp":1580243507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3737-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The University of Calgary Health Research Ethics Board approved the study protocol (REB14\u20131520) and all participants provided informed verbal consent prior to participating in the follow-up phone survey as approved by the ethics committee.prior to participating in the follow-up phone survey.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None of the authors have competing interests relevant to this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"97"}}