{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:33:08Z","timestamp":1793140388743,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T09:04:11Z","timestamp":1552467851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among under-five children attending Woreta Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habtamu Sewunet","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniale Tekelia","family":"Ekubagewargies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3884_CR1","volume-title":"prevention and control of Schistomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis Geneva","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO. prevention and control of Schistomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis Geneva 2002."},{"issue":"4","key":"3884_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","volume":"118","author":"J Peter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peter J, Hotez PJB, Bethony JM, King CH, Pearce EJ, Jacobson J. Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(4):1311\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3884_CR3","unstructured":"Enrique Chacon-Cruz. Intestinal Protozoal Diseases. Medscape. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/999282-overview\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3884_CR4","unstructured":"WHO\/Department of Communicable Disease Prevention Control and Eradication. Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections: WHO Technical Report Series N\u00b0 749. 1987. \n                    https:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/resources\/who_trs_749\/en\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3884_CR5","volume-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections. fact sheet","author":"WHO","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. fact sheet 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"3884_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.119","volume":"8","author":"O Michael","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michael O, Harhay JH, Piero L. Olliaro. Epidemiology and control of human gastrointestinal parasites in children. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8(2):219\u201334.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"3884_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajhr.20140205.15","volume":"2","author":"ND Desta Haftu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desta Haftu ND, Agedew E. Prevalence and determinant factors of intestinal parasites among school children in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(5):247\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Health Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR8","first-page":"31","volume":"10","author":"AL-M WA","year":"2015","unstructured":"WA AL-M. Assessment the prevalance of intestinal parasities and associated risk factors among preschool children in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia Resj parastology. 2015;10(1):31\u201341.","journal-title":"Saudi Arabia Resj parastology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3884_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003680","volume":"3","author":"V Mehraj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mehraj V, Hatcher J, Akhtar S, Rafique G, Beg MA. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Children in an Urban Slum of Karachi. pLoS ONE. 2008;3(11):e3680.","journal-title":"pLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"3884_CR10","first-page":"40","volume":"4","author":"SS Kamukwamba Mwale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamukwamba Mwale SS. Intestinal infestations in under-five children in Zambia. International Journal of MCH and AIDS. 2015;4(2):40\u20136.","journal-title":"International Journal of MCH and AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"3884_CR11","first-page":"219","volume":"35","author":"MA Abd Elhafiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abd Elhafiz MA. Muhajir KH, Zeehaida Mohamed an, Azam Afifi Abdel Aal. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among children in Al-kalakla, Khartoum, Sudan. World Appl Sci J. 2017;35(2):219\u201322.","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"3884_CR12","unstructured":"Liza A. Nyantekyi ML, Mulugeta Belay, Konjit Tadesse, Kebreten Manaye, Chanda Macias, Berhanu Erko. Intestinal parasitic infections among under-five children and maternal awareness about the infections in Shesha Kekele, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2010;24(3):185-190."},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR13","first-page":"67","volume":"14","author":"ST Asfaw","year":"2000","unstructured":"Asfaw ST, Giotom L. Malnutrition and enteric parasitoses among under-fife children in Aynalem Village. Tigray EthiopJHealth Dev. 2000;14(1):67\u201375.","journal-title":"Tigray EthiopJHealth Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3166-3","volume":"11","author":"T Zemene","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zemene T, Shiferaw MB. revalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children under the age of 5 years attending the Debre Birhan referral hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):58.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"3884_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-015-0081-x","volume":"4","author":"G Mulatu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mulatu G, Zeynudin A, Zemene E, Debalke S, Beyene G. Intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years of age presenting with diarrhoeal diseases to two public health facilities in Hawassa, South Ethiopia. Infect Dis Poverty. 2015;4:49.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"10","key":"3884_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109793","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109793","volume":"9","author":"Y G\/hiwot","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\/hiwot Y, Degarege A, Erko B. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Children under Five Years of Age with Emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. pLoS ONE. 2014;9(10):e109793.","journal-title":"pLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR17","first-page":"S80","volume":"9","author":"AH Hamed Kiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamed Kiani AH, Salehi R, Azargashb E. Distribution and risk factors associated with intestinal parasite infections among children with gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2016;9(1):S80\u2013S7.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"3884_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2802-7","volume":"10","author":"AO Forson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forson AO, Arthur I, Olu-Taiwo M, Glover KK, Pappoe-Ashong PJ, Ayeh-Kumi PF. Intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors: a cross-sectional survey of some school children in a suburb in Accra, Ghana. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:485.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR19","first-page":"108","volume":"12","author":"P Bahmani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahmani P, Maleki A, Sadeghi S, Shahmoradi B, Ghahremani E. Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Schoolchildren in Sanandaj City, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2017;12(1):108\u201316.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"e9","key":"3884_CR20","first-page":"42","volume":"2","author":"SM Fletcher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fletcher SM, ML ML, Ellis JT. Prevalence of gastrointestinal pathogens in developed and developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Res. 2013;2(e9):42\u201353.","journal-title":"J Public Health Res"},{"key":"3884_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2047-4","volume":"16","author":"B Sarkari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkari B, Hosseini G, Motazedian MH, Fararouei M, Moshfe A. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan infections: a population-based study in rural areas of Boyer-Ahmad district, Southwestern Iran. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:703.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3884_CR22","first-page":"10","volume":"3","author":"KA Ismail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ismail KA. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school children in Taif. Insights Biomed. 2018;3(2):10.","journal-title":"Insights Biomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"3884_CR23","first-page":"89","volume":"19","author":"A Kumie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumie A, Ali A. An overview of environmental health status in Ethiopia with particular emphasis to its organization, drinking water and sanitation: A literature survey. EthiopJHealth Dev. 2005;19(2):89.","journal-title":"EthiopJHealth Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3884_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2166\/washdev.2016.034","volume":"6","author":"M Adank","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adank M, Butterworth J, Godfrey S, Abera M. Looking beyond headline indicators: water and sanitation services in small towns in Ethiopia. J Water, Sanitation Hyg Dev. 2016;6(3):435\u201346.","journal-title":"J Water, Sanitation Hyg Dev"},{"key":"3884_CR25","unstructured":"Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in Ethiopia. \n                    https:\/\/www.wearewater.org\/en\/drinking-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-ethiopia_253215\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"4","key":"3884_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1515\/helmin-2016-0035","volume":"53","author":"A Dudlov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dudlov\u00e1 A, Juri\u0161 P, Juri\u0161ov\u00e1 S, Jar\u010du\u0161ka P, Kr\u010dm\u00e9ry V. Epidemiology and geographical distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in humans in Slovakia. HELMINTHOLOGIA. 2016;53(4):309\u201317.","journal-title":"HELMINTHOLOGIA."},{"issue":"3","key":"3884_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005445","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005445","volume":"11","author":"CP Faria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, da Silva S, de Freitas MB, Almendra R, Santana P, Sousa MD. Geospatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and its association with social determinants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(3):e0005445.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3884_CR28","first-page":"157","volume":"53","author":"NL Nguyen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nguyen NL, Gelaye B, Aboset N, Kumie A, Williams MA, Berhane Y. Intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status among school children in Angolela. Ethiopia J Prev Med Hyg. 2012;53(3):157\u201364.","journal-title":"Ethiopia J Prev Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"3884_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182248","volume":"12","author":"LG Curval","year":"2017","unstructured":"Curval LG, Fran\u00e7a AO, Fernandes HJ, Mendes RP, de Carvalho LR, Higa MG, Ferreira EC, Dorval MEC. Prevalence of intestinal parasites among inmates in Midwest Brazil. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0182248.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3884_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v20i1.10010","volume":"20","author":"H Adamu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adamu H, Endeshaw T, Teka T, Kifle A, Petros B. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in paediatric diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients in Addis Ababa hospitals, with special emphasis on opportunistic parasitic infections and with insight into the demographic and socio-economic factors. Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2006;20(1):39\u201346.","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Dev"},{"key":"3884_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1ete R, D\u00edaz MM, Garc\u00eda RA, Lau\u00b4d Martinez PM, Ponce FM. Intestinal Parasites in Children from a Day Care Centre in Matanzas City, Cuba. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e51394. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051394\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051394"},{"key":"3884_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahfouz AA, el-Morshedy H, Farghaly A, Khalil A. Ecological Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Pre-school Children in an Urban Squatter Settlement of Egypt. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 1997;43(6):341-4. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/43.6.341\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/43.6.341"},{"key":"3884_CR33","unstructured":"Intestinal parasitic infections among under-five children and maternal awareness about the infections in Shesha Kekele, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia | Nyantekyi | Ethiopian J Health Develop [Internet]. [cited 2018 Mar 5]. Available from: \n                    https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ejhd\/article\/view\/68383\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"3884_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00f8lbak K, H\u00f8jlyng N, Jepsen S, Gaarslev K. Bacterial contamination of stored water and stored food: A potential source of diarrhoeal disease in West Africa. Epidemiol Infect. 1989;102(2):309-16. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268800029988\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800029988"},{"issue":"6","key":"3884_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001837","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001837","volume":"12","author":"MA Mahmud","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahmud MA, Spigt M, Bezabih AM, Pavon IL, Dinant G-J, Velasco RB. Efficacy of Handwashing with Soap and Nail Clipping on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in School-Aged Children: A Factorial Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS Med. 2015;12(6):e1001837.","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"3884_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mirisho R, Neizer ML, Sarfo B. Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths Infestation in Children Attending Princess Marie Louise Children\u2019s Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Parasitology Research. 2017;2017:7. Available from: \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8524985\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8524985"},{"key":"3884_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Nadi NAF, Omran EK, Ahmed NS, Fadel EF. Current status of intestinal parasites among elementary school children in Sohag, Egypt. J Adv Parasitol. 2017;4(2):33-40.","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.jap\/2017\/4.2.33.40"},{"issue":"6","key":"3884_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065722","volume":"8","author":"T Schmidlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidlin T, H\u00fcrlimann E, Silu\u00e9 KD, Yapi RB, Houngbedji C, Kouadio BA, et al. Effects of Hygiene and Defecation Behavior on Helminths and Intestinal Protozoa Infections in Taabo, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. PLOS ONE. 2013;8(6):e65722.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"3884_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001709","volume":"11","author":"SR Patil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patil SR, Arnold BF, Salvatore AL, Briceno B, Ganguly S, Colford JM Jr, et al. The Effect of India\u2019s Total Sanitation Campaign on Defecation Behaviors and Child Health in Rural Madhya Pradesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS Med. 2014;11(8):e1001709.","journal-title":"PLOS Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T20:08:58Z","timestamp":1583957338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences School of nursing Research and Ethical Review Committee. Permission was obtained from the office of the health center head. Each study participant\u2019s mother\/guardian was informed about the purpose, method, expected benefit, and risk of the study. Mothers\/guardians were also informed about their full right not to participate their children in the study or withdraw from the study at any time, without repercussion to the services they seek. Written informed consent was obtained from study participants\u2019 mothers\/guardians and anonymity were employed to maintain confidentiality. Those children who were positive for intestinal parasites were linked to the health center to be treated.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no any competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"256"}}