{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:07:23Z","timestamp":1791320843779,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T17:11:37Z","timestamp":1553706697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Incidence and predictors of major adverse drug events among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients on second-line anti-tuberculosis treatment in Amhara regional state public hospitals; Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mehari Woldemariam","family":"Merid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lemma Derseh","family":"Gezie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getahun Molla","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atalay Goshu","family":"Muluneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temesgen Yihunie","family":"Akalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melaku Kindie","family":"Yenit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.11599\/germs.2015.1075","volume":"5","author":"IO Abah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abah IO, Akanbi M, Abah ME, Finangwai AI, Dady CW, Falang KD, et al. Incidence and predictors of adverse drug events in an African cohort of HIV-infected adults treated with efavirenz. Germs. 2015;5(3):83.","journal-title":"Germs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602308","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02308-2016","volume":"49","author":"D Falzon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falzon D, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Harausz E, Gonz\u00e1lez-Angulo L, Lienhardt C, Jaramillo E, et al. World Health Organization treatment guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2016 update. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(3):1602308.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3919_CR3","volume-title":"Active tuberculosis drug-safety monitoring and management (aDSM): framework for implementation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Active tuberculosis drug-safety monitoring and management (aDSM): framework for implementation. 2015."},{"key":"3919_CR4","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2017."},{"key":"3919_CR5","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2016."},{"key":"3919_CR6","volume-title":"Second round anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Ethiopia","author":"L Eshetu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eshetu L, Beniam F, Abebaw K, Muluwork G, Zelalem Y, Ribka F, et al. Second round anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Ethiopia,. 2014."},{"key":"3919_CR7","volume-title":"Guidlines on programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia","author":"Ministry of health FDRoE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ministry of health FDRoE. Guidlines on programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia. 2013."},{"key":"3919_CR8","volume-title":"A practical handbook on the pharmacovigilance of medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis: enhancing the safety of the TB patient","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. A practical handbook on the pharmacovigilance of medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis: enhancing the safety of the TB patient. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"key":"3919_CR9","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2018."},{"key":"3919_CR10","unstructured":"Meressa D, Hurtado RM, Andrews JR, Diro E, Abato K, Daniel T, et al. Achieving high treatment success for multidrug-resistant TB in Africa: initiation and scale-up of MDR TB care in Ethiopia\u2014an observational cohort study. Thorax. thoraxjnl-2015-207374. 2015;70(12):1181\u20131188."},{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12826","volume":"22","author":"KA Alene","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alene KA, Viney K, McBryde ES, Tsegaye AT, Clements AC. Treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in north-West Ethiopia. Tropical Med Int Health. 2017;22(3):351\u201362.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"3919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/20786204.2012.10874288","volume":"54","author":"TQ Jacobs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacobs TQ, Ross A. Adverse effects profile of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in a south African outpatient clinic. S Afr Fam Pract. 2012;54(6):531\u20139.","journal-title":"S Afr Fam Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"3919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027610","volume":"6","author":"K Chung-Delgado","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung-Delgado K, Revilla-Montag A, Guillen-Bravo S, Velez-Segovia E, Soria-Montoya A, Nu\u00f1ez-Garbin A, et al. Factors associated with anti-tuberculosis medication adverse effects: a case-control study in Lima, Peru. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27610.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2015.10.002","volume":"5","author":"W Abera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abera W, Cheneke W, Abebe G. Incidence of antituberculosis-drug-induced hepatotoxicity and associated risk factors among tuberculosis patients in Dawro zone, South Ethiopia: a cohort study. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2016;5(1):14\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0574","volume":"16","author":"M Carroll","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carroll M, Lee M, Cai Y, Hallahan C, Shaw P, Min J, et al. Frequency of adverse reactions to first-and second-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in a Korean cohort. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. 2012;16(7):961\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Tuber Lung Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019566","volume":"6","author":"N Lorent","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lorent N, Sebatunzi O, Mukeshimana G, Van den Ende J, Clerinx J. Incidence and risk factors of serious adverse events during antituberculous treatment in Rwanda: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19566.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"3919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.10.007","volume":"16","author":"Y-C Chiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiang Y-C, Lin Y-M, Lee J-A, Lee C-N, Chen H-Y. Tobacco consumption is a reversible risk factor associated with reduced successful treatment outcomes of anti-tuberculosis therapy. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16(2):e130\u2013e5.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR18","first-page":"9","volume":"26","author":"KB Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta KB, Gupta R, Atreja A, Verma M, Vishvkarma S. Tuberculosis and nutrition. Lung India: official organ of Indian chest. Society. 2009;26(1):9.","journal-title":"Society."},{"issue":"19","key":"3919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3437","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003437","volume":"95","author":"JP Mouton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mouton JP, Njuguna C, Kramer N, Stewart A, Mehta U, Blockman M, et al. Adverse drug reactions causing admission to medical wards: a cross-sectional survey at 4 hospitals in South Africa. Medicine. 2016;95(19):e3437.","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"issue":"7","key":"3919_CR20","first-page":"648","volume":"5","author":"J Furin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furin J, Mitnick C, Shin S, Bayona J, Becerra M, Singler J, et al. Occurrence of serious adverse effects in patients receiving community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. 2001;5(7):648\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"3919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad N, Javaid A, Sulaiman SAS, Afridi AK, Khan AH. Occurrence, management, and risk factors for adverse drug reactions in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. Am J Ther. 2016;25(5):e533\u2013e540.","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000421"},{"issue":"03","key":"3919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4236\/jtr.2014.23018","volume":"2","author":"H Bezu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bezu H, Seifu D, Yimer G, Mebrhatu T. Prevalence and risk factors of adverse drug reactions associated multidrug resistant tuberculosis treatments in selected treatment centers in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. J Tuber Res. 2014;2(03):144.","journal-title":"J Tuber Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132015000100010","volume":"41","author":"LSO Resende","year":"2015","unstructured":"Resende LSO, ETd S-N. Risk factors associated with adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs. J Bras Pneumol. 2015;41(1):77\u201389.","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1816-4","volume":"16","author":"CS Brown","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brown CS, Smith CJ, Breen RAM, Ormerod LP, Mittal R, Fisk M, et al. Determinants of treatment-related paradoxical reactions during anti-tuberculosis therapy: a case control study. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):479.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00022912","volume":"40","author":"G Sotgiu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sotgiu G, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Alffenaar J-WC, Anger HA, Caminero JA, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid containing regimens in treating MDR-TB and XDR-TB: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(6):1430\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0146OC","volume":"180","author":"RA Devasia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Devasia RA, Blackman A, Gebretsadik T, Griffin M, Shintani A, May C, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis: the effect of duration and timing of fluoroquinolone exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(4):365\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3919_CR27","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2015."},{"key":"3919_CR28","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report. 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"3919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu868","volume":"60","author":"S Thee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thee S, Garcia-Prats AJ, Draper HR, McIlleron HM, Wiesner L, Castel S, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of moxifloxacin in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;60(4):549\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"3919_CR30","first-page":"868","volume":"11","author":"F Marra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marra F, Marra C, Bruchet N, Richardson K, Moadebi S, Elwood R, et al. Adverse drug reactions associated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drug regimens. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. 2007;11(8):868\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Tuber Lung Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3919_CR31","first-page":"1382","volume":"8","author":"E Nathanson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nathanson E, Gupta R, Huamani P, Leimane V, Pasechnikov A, Tupasi T, et al. Adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: results from the DOTS-plus initiative. Int J Tuber Lung Dis. 2004;8(11):1382\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"3919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.904682","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu S, Xia Y, Wang N, Zhou L, Wang J, et al. Adverse events associated with treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: an Ambispective cohort study. Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:2348.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR33","first-page":"201","volume":"6","author":"M Sigdel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sigdel M, Dhakal SR, Kandel P, Maharjhan N, Khan GM. A study of adverse drug reactions caused by second line anti-tubercular drugs used in Nepal. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016;6(1):201\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120161","volume":"10","author":"YK Avong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Avong YK, Isaakidis P, Hinderaker SG, Van den Bergh R, Ali E, Obembe BO, et al. Doing no harm? Adverse events in a nation-wide cohort of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120161.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"3919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063057","volume":"8","author":"K Shean","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shean K, Streicher E, Pieterson E, Symons G, van Zyl Smit R, Theron G, et al. Drug-associated adverse events and their relationship with outcomes in patients receiving treatment for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63057.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.974","volume":"125","author":"S Shin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shin S, Furin J, Alc\u00e1ntara F, Hyson A, Joseph K, S\u00e1nchez E, et al. Hypokalemia among patients receiving treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Chest. 2004;125(3):974\u201380.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"6","key":"3919_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20150955","volume":"1","author":"KB Rathod","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rathod KB, Borkar MS, Lamb AR, Suryavanshi SL, Surwade GA, Pandey VR. Adverse events among patients of multi drug resistant tuberculosis receiving second line anti TB treatment. Int J Sci Rep. 2015;1(6):253\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"3919_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078313","volume":"8","author":"A Andries","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andries A, Isaakidis P, Das M, Khan S, Paryani R, Desai C, et al. High rate of hypothyroidism in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV in Mumbai, India. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78313.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3919_CR39","first-page":"412893","volume":"2014","author":"A Farazi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farazi A, Sofian M, Jabbariasl M, Keshavarz S. Adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs in Iranian tuberculosis patients. Tuber Res Treat. 2014;2014:412893.","journal-title":"Tuber Res Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"3919_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1216544","volume":"15","author":"HS Schaaf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schaaf HS, Thee S, van der Laan L, Hesseling AC, Garcia-Prats AJ. Adverse effects of oral second-line antituberculosis drugs in children. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(10):1369\u201381.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"3919_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021161","volume":"6","author":"C Dye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dye C, Trunz BB, L\u00f6nnroth K, Roglic G, Williams BG. Nutrition, diabetes and tuberculosis in the epidemiological transition. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21161.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9979","key":"3919_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0","volume":"385","author":"M Uplekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uplekar M, Weil D, Lonnroth K, Jaramillo E, Lienhardt C, Dias HM, et al. WHO's new end TB strategy. Lancet. 2015;385(9979):1799\u2013801.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:06:49Z","timestamp":1585181209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3919-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Mehari Woldemariam Merid (MPH in epidemiology and Biostatistics); Atalay Goshu Muluneh (MPH in epidemiology and Biostatistics); Getahun Molla Kassa (MSc in tropical infectious disease and HIV medicine, MPH in epidemiology and Biostatistics); Melaku Kindie Yenit (MPH in Epidemiology) Lemma Derseh Gezie (PhD candidate); Temesgen Yihunie Akalu (MPH in epidemiology and biostatistics).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 information"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the university of Gondar. Permission letter was obtained from the hospital administration and TB ward focal person in the four TICs. Personal identifiers were not included to maintain confidentiality. The nature of the study, which was retrospective record review, limits to access study subjects to request their consent to participate into the study. As a result of this, the institutional Review Board (IRB) of the university waived the consent from the study participants directly.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"286"}}