{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T17:27:19Z","timestamp":1785864439199,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T17:11:37Z","timestamp":1553706697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A case report of disseminated histoplasmosis and concurrent cryptococcal meningitis in a patient treated with ruxolitinib"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8653-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katya","family":"Prakash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00963","volume":"117","author":"JS Rawlings","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rawlings JS, Rosler KM, Harrison DA. The JAK\/STAT signaling pathway. J Cell Sci. 2004;117:1281\u20133 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/jcs.biologists.org\/content\/joces\/117\/8\/1281.full.pdf\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"3922_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuebig T, Wolschke C, Alchalby H, Ayuk F, Heinzelmann M, Triviai I, et al. The Pan- JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib impairs T-cell activation, cytokine production and proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Blood. 2013;122(2001) [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.bloodjournal.org\/content\/122\/21\/2001.short","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.2001.2001"},{"issue":"7","key":"3922_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-484642","volume":"122","author":"A Heine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heine A, Held SAE, Daecke SN, Wallner S, Yajnanarayana SP, Kurts C, et al. The JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib impairs dendritic cell function in vitro and in vivo. Blood. 2013;122(7):1192\u2013202 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23770777\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"3922_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.148","volume":"30","author":"CN Harrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison CN, Vannucchi AM, Kiladjian J-J, Al-Ali HK, Gisslinger H, Knoops L, et al. Long-term findings from COMFORT-II, a phase 3 study of ruxolitinib vs best available therapy for myelofibrosis. Leukemia. 2016;30(8):1701\u20137 Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/leu.2016.148\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"3922_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2017.06.015","volume":"22","author":"A Hirano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirano A, Yamasaki M, Saito N, Iwato K, Daido W, Funaishi K, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis in a ruxolitinib-treated patient with primary myelofibrosis. Respir Med Case Reports. 2017;22:87\u201390 Available from: \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmcr.2017.06.015\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Reports"},{"issue":"jun02 1","key":"3922_CR6","first-page":"bcr2014204950","volume":"2014","author":"SC Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SC, Feenstra J, Georghiou PR. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonitis complicating ruxolitinib therapy. Case Reports. 2014;2014(jun02 1):bcr2014204950 Available from: \n                    http:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/cgi\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2014-204950\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Case Reports"},{"key":"3922_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2532-7","volume":"95","author":"CC Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen CC, Chen YY, Huang CE. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis associated with the long-term use of ruxolitinib. Ann Hematol. 2016;95:361\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3922_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1302895","volume":"369","author":"RA Goldberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldberg RA, Reichel E, Oshry LJ. Bilateral toxoplasmosis retinitis associated with Ruxolitinib. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(7):681\u20133 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23944322\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3922_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1302135","volume":"369","author":"R Wathes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wathes R, Moule S, Milojkovic D. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Ruxolitinib. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(2):197\u20138 [cited 2019 Feb 9]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMc1302135\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3922_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9792-y","volume":"178","author":"JH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JH, Williams K. Posaconazole salvage treatment for invasive fungal infection. Mycopathologia. 2014;178(3\u20134):259\u201365 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11046-014-9792-y\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"3922_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2165\/11319340-000000000-00000","volume":"49","author":"Y Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li Y, Theuretzbacher U, Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic\/Pharmacodynamic Profile of Posaconazole. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;49(6):379\u201396 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20481649\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3922_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03680.x","volume":"70","author":"H-P Lipp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipp H-P. Clinical pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the antifungal extended-spectrum triazole posaconazole: an overview. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;70(4):471\u201380 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20840439\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3922_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn409","volume":"62","author":"MJGT Ruping","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ruping MJGT, Albermann N, Ebinger F, Burckhardt I, Beisel C, Muller C, et al. Posaconazole concentrations in the central nervous system. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(6):1468\u201370 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/jac\/dkn409\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"3922_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw305","volume":"63","author":"GR Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson GR, Rendon A, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Queiroz-Telles F, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Azie N, et al. Isavuconazole treatment of cryptococcosis and dimorphic mycoses. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(3):356\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3922_CR15","first-page":"163","volume":"6","author":"DR Falci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falci DR, Pasqualotto AC. Profile of isavuconazole and its potential in the treatment of severe invasive fungal infections. Infect Drug Resist. 2013;6:163\u201374 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24187505\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"9","key":"3922_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5600","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00229-16","volume":"60","author":"NP Wiederhold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiederhold NP, Kovanda L, Najvar LK, Bocanegra R, Olivo M, Kirkpatrick WR, et al. Isavuconazole is effective for the treatment of experimental cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(9):5600\u20133 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27324761\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"3922_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2015.11.016","volume":"351","author":"H Nyalakonda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nyalakonda H, Albuerne M, Suazo Hernandez LP, Sarria JC. Central nervous system histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 2016;351(2):177\u201386 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26897273\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3922_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1390248","volume":"50","author":"MV Dioverti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dioverti MV, Abu Saleh OM, Tande AJ. Infectious complications in patients on treatment with Ruxolitinib: case report and review of the literature. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2018;50(5):381\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Auckl)"},{"issue":"23","key":"3922_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-531103","volume":"122","author":"A Heine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heine A, Brossart P, Wolf D. Ruxolitinib is a potent immunosuppressive compound: is it time for anti-infective prophylaxis? Blood. 2013;122(23):3843\u20134 [cited 2019 Feb 9]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24288410\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"3922_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-015-0284-z","volume":"10","author":"DP McLornan","year":"2015","unstructured":"McLornan DP, Khan AA, Harrison CN. Immunological consequences of JAK inhibition: friend or foe? Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2015;10(4):370\u20139 [cited 2019 Feb 9]. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26292803\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Malig Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3922_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.009","volume":"30","author":"LJ Wheat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wheat LJ, Azar MM, Bahr NC, Spec A, Relich RF, Hage C. Histoplasmosis. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2016;30(1):207\u201327.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"3922_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1086\/524071","volume":"46","author":"ZA Kanafani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanafani ZA, Perfect JR. Resistance to antifungal agents: mechanisms and clinical impact. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(1):120\u20138 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: \n                    https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1086\/524071\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3922_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2015.07.002","volume":"24","author":"VJ Lempers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lempers VJ, Martial LC, Schreuder MF, Blijlevens NM, Burger DM, Aarnoutse RE, et al. Drug-interactions of azole antifungals with selected immunosuppressants in transplant patients: strategies for optimal management in clinical practice. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2015;24:38\u201344 [cited 2019 Feb 16]. Available from: \n                    https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S147148921500079X?via%3Dihub\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3922_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen D, Wilson D, Drew R, Perfect J. Expert review of anti-infective therapy azole antifungals: 35 years of invasive fungal infection management. 2015 [cited 2019 Feb 16]; Available from: \n                    https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1586\/14787210.2015.1032939","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1032939"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:07:07Z","timestamp":1585181227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3922-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"N\/A","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained from patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"287"}}