{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T05:11:32Z","timestamp":1782191492207,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T13:24:15Z","timestamp":1557321855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible viral infections (HIV, HBV and HCV) among voluntary blood donors at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar; Northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Abiye","family":"Tigabu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tigist","family":"Engda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feleke","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3950_CR1","volume-title":"Report on the global AIDS epidemic","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2002","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations program on HIV\/AIDS; 2002."},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2017.10.007","volume":"25","author":"BMM Sumbu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sumbu BMM, Longo-Mbenza B, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Muwonga JM, Mvumbi-Lelo G, Maphana HM, Kayembe DNN, Kalumbu FM. Association between the viruses of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the hepatitis C virus among young blood donors in Kinshasa: retrospective analysis of 10 years. Transfus Clin Biol. 2018;25(1):26\u201334.","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol"},{"key":"3950_CR3","unstructured":"Joan CM and David O (2000). Tumer viruses. In: Samuel B. (4th). Medical Microbiology. Texas: Calveston, 1021-10422."},{"key":"3950_CR4","first-page":"59","volume":"29","author":"C Drosten","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drosten C, Nippraschk T, Manegold C, Meisel H, Brixner V, Roth WK, Apedjinov A, Gunther S. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus DNA in anti-HBC positive \/HBsAg- negative sera correlates with HCV but not HIV serostatus. J ClinVirol. 2004;29:59\u201368.","journal-title":"J ClinVirol"},{"key":"3950_CR5","unstructured":"Geo FB, Karen CC, Janet SB, Strephen AM (2007). Medical Microbiology; Virology (24th).USA. McGraw Hill. 466\u2013485."},{"key":"3950_CR6","first-page":"706","volume-title":"Davidson\u2019s principles and practice of medicine","author":"MDC Finlayson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Finlayson MDC, Hayes PC, Simpson KJ. Diseases of the liver and biliary system: hepatitis. In: Haslett C, Chilvers ER, Hunter JAA, editors. Davidson\u2019s principles and practice of medicine. London: Churchill Living stone; 1999. p. 706\u201315."},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR7","first-page":"216","volume":"1","author":"BMM Sumbu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sumbu BMM, Longo-Mbenza B, Nganga-Nkanga M, Masidi JM, Nzongola-Nkasu DK, Ferdinand MK, et al. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Donors Blood at the University Clinics of Kinshasa: 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132013. J Innov Res Health Sci. Biotechnol. 2016;1(4):216\u201324.","journal-title":"J Innov Res Health Sci. Biotechnol"},{"key":"3950_CR8","first-page":"421","volume":"74","author":"WHO","year":"1999","unstructured":"WHO. Hepatitis C: global prevalence. WklyEpidemiol Rec. 1999;74:421\u20138.","journal-title":"WklyEpidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"7","key":"3950_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603649","volume":"96","author":"S A Raza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raza SA, Clifford GM, Franceschi S. Worldwide variation in the relative importance of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(7):1127\u20131134.","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"3950_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osaro E, Charles AT. The challenges of meeting the blood transfusion requirements in Sub-Saharan Africa: the need for the development of alternatives to allogenic blood. J Blood Med. 2011;2(1):7\u201321.","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S17194"},{"issue":"10","key":"3950_CR11","first-page":"794","volume":"3","author":"CS Ashish","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ashish CS, Prakash G, Bishnu RT, Manital R. Transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Infect DevCtries. 2009;3(10):794\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect DevCtries"},{"key":"3950_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2005.00608.x","volume":"15","author":"DN Mbanya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mbanya DN, Tayou C. Blood safety begins with safe donations: update among blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon. Transfus Med. 2005;15:395\u20139.","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"3950_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-21","volume":"6","author":"IM Mecky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mecky IM, Pius MM, Eligius FL. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis infections among blood donors at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-6-21 .","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR14","first-page":"26","volume":"25","author":"ME Malak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Malak ME. Prevalance of HBV, HCV, HIV-I and II and HTLV-I\/II among blood donors in a teaching hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(1):26\u201333.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"3950_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelaw B, Mengitsu Y. The prevalence of HBV, HCV and malaria parasites among blood donor in Amhara and Tigray regional states. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2008;22(1):3\u20137.","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v22i1.10056"},{"key":"3950_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-111","volume":"10","author":"B Tessema","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tessema B, Yismaw G, Kassu A, Amsalu A Mulu A (2010), Frank E, Ulrich S. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis infection among blood donors at University of Gondar Hospital. BMC Infect Dis .10:111.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR17","first-page":"60","volume":"8","author":"A Hassan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hassan A, Muktar HM, Mamman AI, Ahmed AJ. The incidence of HIV among blood donors in Kaduna, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2008;8(1):60.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3950_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2007.070038","volume":"38","author":"JM Ramos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramos JM, Reyes F, Tesfamariam A. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in a rural Ethiopian hospital. Trop Dr. 2008;38(3):182\u20133.","journal-title":"Trop Dr"},{"key":"3950_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-25","volume":"8","author":"ER Charles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charles ER, Fanjasoa R, Maherisoa R, Vaomalala R, Richter R, Rindrar MRA, Dominique R, Voahanngy A, Vincent R, Jean L, Leon PR. The Sero-prevalence Hepatitis C and associated risk factors in urban area of Antananarivo, Madagascar. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-25 .","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.29309\/TPMJ\/2006.13.04.4941","volume":"13","author":"F Mohammad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mohammad F, Masroor A, Gulzar A, Muhammad AK, Ghulam MD. Hepatitis B, C and HIV:sero-prevalence of infection in blood donors. Professional Med J. 2006;13(4):632\u20136.","journal-title":"Professional Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000025","volume":"102","author":"JC Forbi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forbi JC, Gabadi S, Alabi R, Iperepolu HO, Pam CR, Entonu PE, Agwale SM. The role of triple infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 on CD4+ lymphocyte levels in the highly HIV infected population of North-Central Nigeria. MemInst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007;102(4):535\u20137.","journal-title":"MemInst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR22","first-page":"139","volume":"3","author":"KM Alphonsine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alphonsine KM, Marie Jeanne LK, Euloge E, Liliane SD, Daniel Coulibaly NG, Patrick L, Mireille D. Hepatitis C virus infection in Abidjan cote d Ivoire: heterogeneity of genotypes. Sci Res Essay Vol. 2008;3(4):139\u201342.","journal-title":"Sci Res Essay Vol"},{"key":"3950_CR23","first-page":"832","volume":"17","author":"JN Noubiap","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noubiap JN, Joko WY, Nansseu JR, Tene UG, Siaka C. Sero-epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and syphilis infections among first-time blood donors in Ede\u2019a, Cameroon International. J Infect Dis. 2013;17:832\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-141","volume":"11","author":"J Stokx","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stokx J, Gillet P, De Weggheleire A, Casas EC, Maendaenda R, Beulane AJ, Jani IV, Kidane S, Mosse CD, Jacobs J, Bottieau E. Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections and evaluation of the pre-donation screening performance at the provincial Hospital of Tete, Mozambique. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;11(1):141.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v21i1.10034","volume":"21","author":"A Dessie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dessie A, Abera B, Wale F. Seroprevalence of major blood-borne infections among blood donars at Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2007;21(1):68\u20139.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v15i1.3","volume":"15","author":"BO Motayo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Motayo BO, Faneye AO, Udo UA, Olusola BA, Ezeani I, Ogiogwa JI. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI), in first time blood donors in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15(1):19\u201324.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR27","first-page":"293","volume":"7","author":"FI Buseri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buseri FI, Muhibi MA, Jeremiah ZA. Sero-epidemiology of transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases among blood donors in Osogbo, south-West Nigeria. Blood Transfus. 2009 Oct;7(4):293.","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(10)70009-X","volume":"14","author":"A Acar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Acar A, Kemahli S, Altunay H, Kosan E, Oncul O, Gorenek L, Cavuslu S. HBV, HCV and HIV seroprevalence among blood donors in Istanbul, Turkey: how effective are the changes in the national blood transfusion policies. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 1;14(1):41\u20136.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3950_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.311","volume":"3","author":"AC Shrestha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shrestha AC, Ghimire P, Tiwari BR, Rajkarnikar M. Transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009;3(10):794\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"9","key":"3950_CR30","first-page":"398","volume":"52","author":"MF Khattak","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khattak MF, Salamat N, Bhatti FA, Qureshi TZ. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and HIV in blood donors in northern Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2002;52(9):398\u2013402.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3950_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2007.389","volume":"60","author":"S Pahuja","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pahuja S, Sharma M, Baitha B, Jain M. Prevalence and trends of markers of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus in Delhi blood donors: a hospital based study. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60(6):389.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR32","first-page":"38","volume":"33","author":"R Moniri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moniri R, Mosayebii Z, Mossavi GA. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies among volunteer blood donors. Iran J Public Health. 2004;33(4):38\u201342.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"09","key":"3950_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2835","volume":"7","author":"S Dayan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dayan S, Tekin A, Tekin R, Dal T, Ho\u015fo\u011flu S, Yazgan UC, Bek\u00e7iba\u015f\u0131 M, G\u00fcl K. HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV 1\/2 and syphilis seroprevalence in healthy volunteer blood donors in southeastern Anatolia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013;7(09):665\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"3950_CR34","unstructured":"Kochhar A, Singh K, Kochhar S, Duggal G, Choudhary S, Pandey S. A Study To Assess Trend In Seroprevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Blood Donors Of Southern Haryana, India. Internet J Pathol. 2012;13:2."},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR35","first-page":"24","volume":"20","author":"N Asif","year":"2004","unstructured":"Asif N, Khokhar N, Ilahi F. Sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection among voluntary non remunerated & replacement donors in northern Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2004;20(1):24\u20138.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR36","first-page":"419","volume":"9","author":"MB Nagalo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagalo MB, Sanou M, Bisseye C, Kabor\u00e9 MI, Nebie YK, Kienou K, Kiba A, Dahourou H, Ouattara S, Zongo JD, Simpor\u00e9 J. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses and syphilis among blood donors in Koudougou (Burkina Faso) in 2009. Blood Transfus. 2011 Oct;9(4):419.","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"3","key":"3950_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0194083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194083","volume":"13","author":"T Deressa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deressa T, Birhan W, Enawgaw B, Abebe M, Baynes HW, Desta M, Terefe B, Melku M. Proportion and predictors of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in north Shewa zone, Central North Ethiopia. PloS one. 2018;13(3):e0194083.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"217","key":"3950_CR38","first-page":"2","volume":"5","author":"HA Zaheer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zaheer HA, Saeed U, Waheed Y, Karimi S, Waheed U. Prevalence and trends of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses among blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan 2005-2013. J Blood Disorders Transf. 2014;5(217):2.","journal-title":"J Blood Disorders Transf"},{"issue":"1","key":"3950_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-016-1925-6","volume":"9","author":"Y Mohammed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammed Y, Bekele A. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infection among blood donors at Jijiga blood bank, eastern Ethiopia: retrospective 4 years study. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):129.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"2","key":"3950_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4274\/Tjh.2012.0132","volume":"30","author":"SM Irfan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irfan SM, Uddin J, Zaheer HA, Sultan S, Baig A. Trends in transfusion transmitted infections among replacement blood donors in Karachi. Pak Turk J Hematol. 2013;30(2):163.","journal-title":"Pak Turk J Hematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3950_CR41","first-page":"154","volume":"25","author":"I Manzoor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manzoor I, Hashmi NO, Daud SE, Ajmal SA, Fatima HI, Rasheed ZA, Syed SA. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIS) in blood donors. Biomedica. 2009;25(10):154\u20138.","journal-title":"Biomedica."},{"issue":"4","key":"3950_CR42","first-page":"45","volume":"2","author":"Y Bhawani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhawani Y, Rao PR, Sudhakar V. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Andhra Pradesh. Biol Med. 2010;2(4):45\u20138.","journal-title":"Biol Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T19:19:42Z","timestamp":1721243982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3950-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Gondar ethical review committee. Written permission was obtained from the University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital. The objectives of the study were explained to the heads of the health facilities and health care providers who worked at the blood bank department and clarification was given before starting data collection from the registrations and clients cards. To keep confidentiality of information from participants records, no personal identifiers were recorded in the client information extraction pre-designed form and data secured from participant records were not be available to anyone except for the main investigator.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The Authors declare that they don\u2019t have competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"393"}}