{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:19:36Z","timestamp":1771273176883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI091692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI091692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24AI065298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI065298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008881","name":"Potts Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T13:03:44Z","timestamp":1556629424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Increased vitamin D receptor expression from macrophages after stimulation with M. tuberculosis among persons who have recovered from extrapulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina T.","family":"Fiske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amondrea","family":"Blackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Maruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Rebeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moises","family":"Huaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Kator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly M.","family":"Scott Algood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3958_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report. WHO\/HTM\/TB\/2017. 2017:23."},{"key":"3958_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520270054031","volume":"273","author":"MC Raviglione","year":"1995","unstructured":"Raviglione MC, Snider DE Jr, Kochi A. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis--morbidity and mortality of a worldwide epidemic. JAMA. 1995;273:220\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3958_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","volume":"13","author":"RM Houben","year":"2016","unstructured":"Houben RM, Dodd PJ. The global burden of latent tuberculosis infection: a re-estimation using mathematical modelling. PLoS Med. 2016;13:e1002152.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"3958_CR4","unstructured":"Sutherland I. The ten-year incidence of clinical TB following conversion in 2,550 individuals aged 14 to 19 years. The Hague: TSRU Progress Report; 1968."},{"key":"3958_CR5","unstructured":"Sutherland I. Recent studies in the epidemiology of tuberculosis, based on the risk of being infected with tubercle bacilli. Adv Tuberc Res. 1976, 19:1\u201363."},{"key":"3958_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542139","volume":"153","author":"AL Kritski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kritski AL, Marques MJ, Rabahi MF, Vieira MA, Werneck-Barroso E, Carvalho CE, et al. Transmission of tuberculosis to close contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 1996;153:331\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3958_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.93","volume":"19","author":"JL Flynn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flynn JL, Chan J. Immunology of tuberculosis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:93\u2013129.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3958_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1086\/322670","volume":"33","author":"TR Sterling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sterling TR, Dorman SE, Chaisson RE, Ding L, Hackman J, Moore K, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative adults with extrapulmonary tuberculosis have abnormal innate immune responses. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:976\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.01.042","volume":"117","author":"PRZ Antas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Antas PRZ, Ding L, Hackman J, Reeves-Hammock L, Shintani AK, Schiffer J, et al. Decreased CD4+ lymphocytes and innate immune responses in adults with previous extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2006;117:916\u201323.","journal-title":"J Allerg Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3958_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00221-12","volume":"19","author":"Christina T. Fiske","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fiske CT, de Almeida AS, Shintani AK, Kalams SA, Sterling TR: Abnormal immune responses in persons with previous extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an in vitro model that simulates in vivo infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2012, 19: 1142\u20131149.","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"key":"3958_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Almeida AS, Fiske CT, Sterling TR, Kalams SA: Increased frequency of regulatory T cells and T lymphocyte activation in persons with previously treated extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2012, 19: 45\u201352.","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05263-11"},{"key":"3958_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-16","volume":"10","author":"CT Fiske","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fiske CT, Griffin MR, Erin H, Warkentin J, Lisa K, Arbogast PG, et al. Black race, sex, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis risk: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:16.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/605559","volume":"49","author":"HM Peto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peto HM, Pratt RH, Harrington TA, LoBue PA, Armstrong LR. Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1350\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-37","volume":"11","author":"AA Motsinger-Reif","year":"2010","unstructured":"Motsinger-Reif AA, Antas PR, Oki NO, Levy S, Holland SM, Sterling TR. Polymorphisms in IL-1beta, vitamin D receptor Fok1, and toll-like receptor 2 are associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Med Genet. 2010;11:37.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"3958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02301-6","volume":"355","author":"RJ Wilkinson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilkinson RJ, Llewelyn M, Toossi Z, Patel P, Pasvol G, Lalvani A, et al. Influence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms on tuberculosis among Gujarati Asians in West London: a case-control study. Lancet. 2000;355:618\u201321.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3958_CR16","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Eds):Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC. In MMWR Recommend Rep 2005, 54: 1\u201347."},{"key":"3958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.4.683","volume":"22","author":"RW Shafer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shafer RW, Edlin BR. Tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: perspective on the past decade. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:683\u2013704.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.5.1292","volume":"148","author":"BE Jones","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jones BE, Young SMM, Antoniskis D, Davidson PT, Kramer F, Barnes PF. Relationship of the manifestations of tuberculosis to CD4 counts in patients with human immunodeficiency infection. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:1292\u20137.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1086\/513769","volume":"25","author":"A Sodhi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sodhi A, Gong J, Silva C, Qian D, Barnes PF. Clinical correlates of interferon-gamma production in patients with tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:617\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.8.3482-3489.1993","volume":"61","author":"PF Barnes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Barnes PF, Lu S, Abrams JS, Wang E, Yamamura M, Modlin RL. Cytokine production at the site of disease in human tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 1993;61:3482\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3958_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.910","volume":"167","author":"EH Noss","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noss EH, Pai RK, Sellati TJ, Radolf JD, Belisle J, Golenbock DT, et al. Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inhibition of macrophage class II MHC expression and antigen processing by 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol. 2001;167:910\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3958_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933","volume":"311","author":"PT Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science. 2006;311:1770\u20133.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3958_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.3010","volume":"176","author":"JS Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang JS, Huggett JF, Dheda K, Kim LU, Zumla A, Rook GA. Myobacterium tuberculosis induces selective up-regulation of TLRs in the mononuclear leukocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. J Immunol. 2006;176:3010\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3958_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1086\/431680","volume":"192","author":"M Aleman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aleman M, de la Barrera SS, Schierloh PL, Alves L, Yokobori N, Baldini M, et al. In tuberculous pleural effusions, activated neutrophils undergo apoptosis and acquire a dendritic cell-like phenotype. J Infect Dis. 2005;192:399\u2013409.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3958_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koenker R, Bassett G, editors. Regression quantiles. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 1978;46:33\u201350.","DOI":"10.2307\/1913643"},{"key":"3958_CR26","unstructured":"Gould W (Eds):Quantile regression with bootstrapped standard errors. In Stata Tech Bull 1993, 2."},{"key":"3958_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511754098","volume-title":"Quantile regression","author":"R Koenker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koenker R. Quantile regression. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2005."},{"key":"3958_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02179.x","volume":"25","author":"J Ludbrook","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ludbrook J. Multiple comparison procedures updated. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1998;25:1032\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"3958_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newson R, Team AS, editors. Multiple-test procedures and smile plots. Stata J. 2003;3:109\u201332.","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0300300202"},{"issue":"1","key":"3958_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym247","volume":"37","author":"K. E Nnoaham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nnoaham KE, Clarke A: Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2008, 2008\/02\/05: 113\u2013119.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"3958_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2013.10.009","volume":"94","author":"MA Huaman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huaman MA, Sterling TR, Shepherd BE, Fiske CT. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels after recovery from tuberculosis: insights into pathogenesis. Tuberculosis. 2014;94:51\u20134.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"3958_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005810","volume":"4","author":"PT Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu PT, Schenk M, Walker VP, Dempsey PW, Kanchanapoomi M, Wheelwright M, et al. Convergence of IL-1beta and VDR activation pathways in human TLR2\/1-induced antimicrobial responses. PLoS One. 2009;4:e5810.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3958_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6310748","volume":"221","author":"DM Provvedini","year":"1983","unstructured":"Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science. 1983;221:1181\u20133.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3958_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111557","volume":"74","author":"WF Rigby","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rigby WF, Stacy T, Fanger MW. Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). J Clin Invest. 1984;74:1451\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3958_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111147","volume":"72","author":"JS Adams","year":"1983","unstructured":"Adams JS, Sharma OP, Gacad MA, Singer FR. Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1856\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3958_CR36","first-page":"159","volume":"57","author":"GA Rook","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rook GA, Steele J, Fraher L, Barker S, Karmali R, O'Riordan J, et al. Vitamin D3, gamma interferon, and control of proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by human monocytes. Immunology. 1986;57:159\u201363.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"3958_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.12.2945-2950.1987","volume":"55","author":"AJ Crowle","year":"1987","unstructured":"Crowle AJ, Ross EJ, May MH. Inhibition by 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 of the multiplication of virulent tubercle bacilli in cultured human macrophages. Infect Immun. 1987;55:2945\u201350.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3958_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.2909","volume":"173","author":"TT Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang TT, Nestel FP, Bourdeau V, Nagai Y, Wang Q, Liao J, et al. Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol. 2004;173:2909\u201312.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"3958_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00178-08","volume":"15","author":"P Mendez-Samperio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mendez-Samperio P, Miranda E, Trejo A. Expression and secretion of cathelicidin LL-37 in human epithelial cells after infection by Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15:1450\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"3958_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002256","volume":"94","author":"L Huang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huang L, Liu C, Liao G, Yang X, Tang X, Chen J. Vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism contributes to increasing the risk of tuberculosis: An update meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e2256.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3958_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1159\/000471935","volume":"41","author":"G Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang G, Xie L, Hu J, Lu H, Liu X, Cao Y, et al. Osteopontin, bone morphogenetic Protein-4, and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility and clinical severity of spinal tuberculosis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;41:1881\u201393.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"3958_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003418","volume":"95","author":"A Panwar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panwar A, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Jain A, Singh AK, Prakash S, et al. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin D receptor and toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms in spinal tuberculosis: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3418.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"3958_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0907-x","volume":"44","author":"I Rizvi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rizvi I, Garg RK, Jain A, Malhotra HS, Singh AK, Prakash S, et al. Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor and toll like receptor-2 polymorphisms in tuberculous meningitis: a case-control study. Infection. 2016;44:633\u201340.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"3958_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00406-3","volume":"177","author":"GK Whitfield","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whitfield GK, Remus LS, Jurutka PW, Zitzer H, Oza AK, Dang HT, et al. Functionally relevant polymorphisms in the human nuclear vitamin D receptor gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;177:145\u201359.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"3958_CR45","first-page":"554","volume":"50","author":"PK Sasidharan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sasidharan PK, Rajeev E, Vijayakumari V. Tuberculosis and vitamin D deficiency. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:554\u20138.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"3958_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003407","volume":"9","author":"M Verway","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verway M, Bouttier M, Wang TT, Carrier M, Calderon M, An BS, et al. Vitamin D induces interleukin-1beta expression: paracrine macrophage epithelial signaling controls M. tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9:e1003407.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3958_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001181","volume":"74","author":"C Thobakgale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thobakgale C, Naidoo K, McKinnon LR, Werner L, Samsunder N, Karim SA, et al. Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1beta) production by innate cells following TLR stimulation correlates with TB recurrence in ART-treated HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;74:213\u201320.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"3958_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, Joosten LA, Ifrim DC, Saeed S et al.: Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. 2012, 2012\/09\/19: 17537\u201317542.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202870109"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T09:41:35Z","timestamp":1589881295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3958-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Metro Public Health Department, and the Tennessee Department of Health. All participants provided written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"366"}}