{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:22:56Z","timestamp":1777566176453,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFE0201500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFE0201500"]}]},{"name":"The Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"The Syphilis and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Research in Shandong","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T15:00:10Z","timestamp":1557154810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Seroprevalence and associated factors of HSV-2 infection among general population in Shandong Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Huai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2019an","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zemin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tongsheng","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingni","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiye","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanghui","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiao","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianchang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3995_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance. 2013. [\n                    http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/112922\/9789241507400_eng.pdf\n                    \n                  ]. Accessed 16 Mar 2016."},{"key":"3995_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114989","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114989","volume":"10","author":"KJ Looker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Looker KJ, Magaret AS, Turner KM, Vickerman P, Gottlieb SL, Newman LM. Global estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in 2012. PLoS One. 2015;10:e114989.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3995_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1954-8","volume":"16","author":"T Balaeva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balaeva T, Grjibovski AM, Sidorenkov O, Samodova O, Firsova N, Sannikov A, et al. Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:616.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.046128","volume":"86","author":"KJ Looker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Looker KJ, Garnett GP, Schmid GP. An estimate of the global prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:805\u201312.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"3995_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385697","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/385697","volume":"2012","author":"G Straface","year":"2012","unstructured":"Straface G, Selmin A, Zanardo V, De Santis M, Ercoli A, Scambia G. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:385697.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3995_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000198081.09337.a7","volume":"20","author":"EE Freeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freeman EE, Weiss HA, Glynn JR, Cross PL, Whitworth JA, Hayes RJ. Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. AIDS. 2006;20:73\u201383.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"3995_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30227-X","volume":"17","author":"S Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang S, Wu J, Ding C, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, et al. Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak: an observational trend study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:716\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61947-9","volume":"382","author":"P Sonnenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sonnenberg P, Clifton S, Beddows S, Field N, Soldan K, Tanton C, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and uptake of interventions for sexually transmitted infections in Britain: findings from the National Surveys of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (Natsal). Lancet. 2013;382:1795\u2013806.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3995_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-69","volume":"11","author":"H Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin H, He N, Su M, Feng J, Chen L, Gao M. Herpes simplex virus infections among rural residents in eastern China. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:69.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-58","volume":"14","author":"T Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang T, Yang Y, Yu F, Zhao Y, Lin F, Minhas V, et al. Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection among female sex workers and general population women in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:58.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31405-2","volume":"388","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Hesketh T. The effects of China's universal two-child policy. Lancet. 2016;388:1930\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"3995_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3432-y","volume":"18","author":"P Huai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huai P, Li F, Li Z, Sun L, Fu X, Pan Q, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and medical costs of chlamydia trachomatis infections in Shandong Province, China: a population-based, cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:534.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70144-5","volume":"12","author":"CP Carcamo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carcamo CP, Campos PE, Garcia PJ, Hughes JP, Garnett GP, Holmes KK. Prevalences of sexually transmitted infections in young adults and female sex workers in Peru: a national population-based survey. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12:765\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.06.006","volume":"17","author":"S Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen S, Huai P, Wang X, Zhong J, Wang X, Wang K, et al. Risk factors for multidrug resistance among previously treated patients with tuberculosis in eastern China: a case\u2013control study. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17:e1116\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3518-7","volume":"16","author":"H Xing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xing H, Yu W, Li Y. Measuring and assessing HIV\/AIDS stigma and discrimination among migrant workers in Zhejiang, China. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:845.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3995_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.12.007","volume":"14","author":"HA Beydoun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beydoun HA, Dail J, Ugwu B, Boueiz A, Beydoun MA. Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infections and co-infections among adults in the USA. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:e154\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1707-8","volume":"16","author":"PJ Woestenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woestenberg PJ, Tjhie JH, de Melker HE, van der Klis FR, van Bergen JE, van der Sande MA, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the Netherlands: seroprevalence, risk factors and changes during a 12-year period. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:364.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-59","volume":"10","author":"JA Schneider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schneider JA, Lakshmi V, Dandona R, Kumar GA, Sudha T, Dandona L. Population-based seroprevalence of HSV-2 and syphilis in Andhra Pradesh state of India. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:59.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371601","volume":"337","author":"DT Fleming","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fleming DT, McQuillan GM, Johnson RE, Nahmias AJ, Aral SO, Lee FK, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1105\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3995_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000086608.07893.1A","volume":"30","author":"M Dan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dan M, Sadan O, Glezerman M, Raveh D, Samra Z. Prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among pregnant women in Israel. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30:835\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"3995_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c7d8d2","volume":"53","author":"G Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang G, Wong M, Yi P, Xu J, Li B, Ding G, et al. HIV-1 and STIs prevalence and risk factors of miners in mining districts of Yunnan, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53:S54\u201360.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"3995_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e183530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183530","volume":"12","author":"A De Weggheleire","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Weggheleire A, An S, De Baetselier I, Soeung P, Keath H, So V, et al. A cross-sectional study of hepatitis C among people living with HIV in Cambodia: prevalence, risk factors, and potential for targeted screening. PLoS One. 2017;12:e183530.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3995_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000369175","volume":"48","author":"N Kluger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kluger N. Epidemiology of tattoos in industrialized countries. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2015;48:6\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"3995_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02791.x","volume":"9","author":"K Nowosielski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nowosielski K, Sipinski A, Kuczerawy I, Kozlowska-Rup D, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. Tattoos, piercing, and sexual behaviors in young adults. J Sex Med. 2012;9:2307\u201314.","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"3995_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.97.7.887-890","volume":"97","author":"JR Koch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koch JR, Roberts AE, Armstrong ML, Owen DC. College students, tattoos, and sexual activity. Psychol Rep. 2005;97:887\u201390.","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"3995_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414532447","volume":"26","author":"FO Otieno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Otieno FO, Ndivo R, Oswago S, Pals S, Chen R, Thomas T, et al. Correlates of prevalent sexually transmitted infections among participants screened for an HIV incidence cohort study in Kisumu, Kenya. Int J STD AIDS. 2015;26:225\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"3995_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68825","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068825","volume":"8","author":"SH Kapiga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kapiga SH, Ewings FM, Ao T, Chilongani J, Mongi A, Baisley K, et al. The epidemiology of HIV and HSV-2 infections among women participating in microbicide and vaccine feasibility studies in northern Tanzania. PLoS One. 2013;8:e68825.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3995_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.12.706","volume":"114","author":"A Shakerian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shakerian A, Nazari AM, Masoomi M, Ebrahami P, Danai S. Inspecting the relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital problems of divorce-asking women in Sanandaj City family courts. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2014;114:327\u201333.","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"3995_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0930-0","volume":"46","author":"ZA Kwena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kwena ZA, Shisanya CA, Bukusi EA, Turan JM, Dworkin SL, Rota GA, et al. Jaboya (\u201csex for fish\u201d): a qualitative analysis of contextual risk factors for extramarital partnerships in the fishing communities in Western Kenya. Arch Sex Behav. 2017;46:1877\u201390.","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"3995_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou X, Chow EP, Zhao P, Xu Y, Ling L, Zhang L. Rural-to-urban migrants are at high risk of sexually transmitted and viral hepatitis infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:490.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-490"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T23:06:43Z","timestamp":1588633603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3995-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in conformity to the ethical principles stated in the Helsinki Declaration. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology (approval number: 2016\u201304). The topic of the questionnaires was related to sex. Participants may refuse to answer sensitive questions or provide untruthful information if they signed informed consent. In order to obtain accurate information, oral informed consent instead of written consent was obtained from participants before each interview. This procedure was approved by the ethics committee.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"382"}}