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Permission letter was obtained from administrators of each facility. Participants were recruited after they became informed about the objectivesof the study and after they gave informed consent. For participants less than 18\u2009years of age, their parents signed a written parental permission form. All participants who were positive for TB were linked with DOTs with free of charge and participants positive for intestinal paraites were treated accordingly. Since all study collection sites have routine anti-retroviral therapy ART) services, all HIV positive study participants were linked to each ART clinic through TB clinic focal persons for ART treatment initiation and management.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that, they have no any competing interests in the publication of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"407"}}