{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:44:34Z","timestamp":1788864274772,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T15:04:43Z","timestamp":1557846283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Viral suppression rate among children tested for HIV viral load at the Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5066-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melashu Balew","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demeke","family":"Endalamaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manamnot","family":"Agegne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desalegn","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikirte","family":"Estifanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinbere","family":"Temesgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4058_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Manual on pediatric HIV care and treatment for district hospitals: Addendum to the pocket book of hospital care of children. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/documents\/9789241501026\/en\/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR2","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. National guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care and treatment, 2017. Available from: https:\/\/aidsfree.usaid.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/ethiopia_art_guidelines_2017.pdf . Accessed 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR3","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. AIDS by the numbers, 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/AIDS-by-the-numbers-2016_en.pdf . Accessed 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR4","unstructured":"WHO. Ethiopia country profile: 2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/data\/Country_profile_Ethiopia.pdf?ua=1 . Accessed 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR5","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. 90\u201390-90: an ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Geneva: 2014.Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/90-90-90_en_0.pdf . Accessed 16 Jan 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"4058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170893","volume":"12","author":"JY Fonsah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fonsah JY, Njamnshi AK, Kouanfack C, Qiu F, Njamnshi DM, Tagny CT, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Yaound\u00e9-Cameroon: association with opportunistic infections, depression, ART regimen and side effects. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0170893.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4058_CR7","unstructured":"AIDSinfo. Management of Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Available from: https:\/\/aidsinfo.nih.gov\/guidelines\/html\/2\/pediatric-arv-guidelines\/438\/recognizing-and-managingantiretroviral-treatment-failure . Accessed on 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR8","unstructured":"WHO. Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017\u20132021.2018 progress report. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/drugresistance\/hivdr-action-plan-2017-2021\/en\/ . Accessed on 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR9","unstructured":"UNAIDS. The need for routine viral load testing, 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/JC2845_en.pdf . Accessed on 15 Jan 2019."},{"issue":"S7","key":"4058_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25001","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25001","volume":"20","author":"SM Arpadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arpadi SM, Shiau S, Gusmao EP, Violari A. Routine viral load monitoring in HIV-infected infants and children in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(S7):e25001.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"4058_CR11","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS. Diagnostics access initiative to achieve the 90\u201390-90treatment target, 2015. Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/20150422_diagnostics_access_initiative.pdf . Accessed on 16 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001273","volume":"31","author":"L Muri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muri L, Gamell A, Ntamatungiro AJ, Glass TR, Luwanda LB, Battegay M, et al. Development of HIV drug resistance and therapeutic failure in children and adolescents in rural Tanzania: an emerging public health concern. AIDS. 2017;31:61\u201370.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"4058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky348","volume":"73","author":"MHW Huibers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huibers MHW, Moons P, Cornelissen M, Zorgdrager F, Maseko N, Gushu MB, et al. High prevalence of virological failure and HIV drug mutations in a first-line cohort of Malawian children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(12):3471\u20135.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190659","volume":"13","author":"M Mwau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mwau M, Syeunda CA, Adhiambo M, Bwana P, Kithinji L, Mwende J, et al. Scale-up of Kenya\u2019s national HIV viral load program: findings and lessons learned. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190659.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4058_CR15","unstructured":"NAM. Treating HIV and AIDS: a training toolkit. Available from: https:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/files\/file1000162.pdf . Accessed 15 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR16","unstructured":"McLay D, Knowles Z. HIV viral load testing: CATIE factsheet, 2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.catie.ca\/ga-pdf.php?file=sites%E2%80%8C\/default%E2%80%8C\/files\/viral%20load%20testing%20EN%202016%2002%2029.pdf . Accessed 15 Jan 2019."},{"key":"4058_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2428-3","volume":"17","author":"L Bulage","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bulage L, Ssewanyana I, Nankabirwa V, Nsubuga F, Kihembo C, Pande G, et al. Factors associated with Virological nonsuppression among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, august 2014\u2013July 2015. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:326.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1086\/591503","volume":"198","author":"JD Church","year":"2008","unstructured":"Church JD, Omer SB, Guay LA, Huang W, Lidstrom J, Musoke P, et al. Analysis of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in Ugandan infants who were HIV-infected despite receiving single dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP) vs. SD NVP plus daily NVP up to 6-weeks of age to prevent HIV vertical transmission. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(7):1075\u201382.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131994","volume":"10","author":"F Antunes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antunes F, Zindoga P, Gomes P, Augusto O, Mahumane I, Veloso L, et al. Development of nevirapine resistance in children exposed to the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission Programme in Maputo, Mozambique. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0131994.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4058_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/17450128.2013.764031","volume":"8","author":"M Arrivillaga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arrivillaga M, Martucci V, Hoyos PA, Arango A. Adherence among children and young people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review of medication and comprehensive interventions. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 2013;8:321\u201337.","journal-title":"Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"4058_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"V Moolasart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moolasart V, Chottanapund S, Ausavapipit J, Likanonsakul S, Uttayamakul S, Changsom D, et al. The effect of detectable HIV viral load among HIV-infected children during antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional study. Children. 2018;5(6):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"4058_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30466-0","volume":"2","author":"S Rangarajan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rangarajan S, Colby DJ, Truong GL, Duong BD, Huu HN, Broh TP, et al. Factors associated with HIV viral load suppression on ART in Vietnam. J Virus Erad. 2016;2:94\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"issue":"1","key":"4058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5964-x","volume":"18","author":"E Nasuuna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nasuuna E, Kigozi J, Babirye L, Muganzi A, Sewankambo NK, Nakanjako D. Low HIV viral suppression rates following the intensive adherence counseling (IAC) program for children and adolescents with viral failure in public health facilities in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1048.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T20:15:59Z","timestamp":1607804159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4058-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this study, the data were not collected from the children\u2019s\/guardian directly since the specimens were collected from the peripheral health facilities. The data were collected from the laboratory request, from the APHI excel database and from the result of the specimens referred to the APHI reference laboratory. So, no need of consent from study participants. Ethics approval and official permission were obtained from the APHI research and technology transfer directorate to use the viral load data in the laboratory.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"419"}}