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Therefore, we sought to determine the association between\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      seropositivity and thyroid dysfunction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 176 patients suffering from hypothyroidism (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009161) or hyperthyroidism (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) and 528 control subjects without these diseases in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico. Anti-\n                      <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG antibodies were determined in sera from cases and controls using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anti-\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG antibodies were found in 11 (6.3%) of 176 patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction and in 48 (9.1%) of 528 control subjects (OR\u2009=\u20090.66; 95% CI: 0.33\u20131.31;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.23). Stratification by two groups of age (50\u2009years and younger, and 51\u2009year and older) showed that the youngest group of patients with thyroid dysfunction had a significantly lower seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection than its age- and gender-matched control group (1\/83: 1.2% vs 23\/257: 8.6%; OR\u2009=\u20090.12; 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.93;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). This stratification also showed that the youngest group of patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly lower seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection than its age- and gender matched control group (0\/75: 0% vs 21\/233: 9.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results suggest that thyroid dysfunction is not associated with seropositivity to\n                      <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      in general; however, in young (50\u2009years or less) patients, a negative association between infection and thyroid dysfunction and hypothyroidism was found. Further research to confirm this negative association is needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4450-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T10:07:31Z","timestamp":1568801251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid dysfunction: a case-control seroprevalence study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agar","family":"Ramos-Nevarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Guido-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Margarita","family":"Cerrillo-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma Rosa","family":"P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Estrada-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Dayali","family":"Gutierrez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Sifuentes-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eda Guadalupe","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Valles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Contreras-Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"4450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019006","volume":"26","author":"M Rouatbi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rouatbi M, Amairia S, Amdouni Y, Boussaadoun MA, Ayadi O, Al-Hosary AAT, Rekik M, Ben Abdallah R, Aoun K, Darghouth MA, Wieland B, Gharbi M. 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