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Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis-<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis-<\/jats:italic>\n                      subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors.\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) and with flatulence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis-<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers and free ones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn\u2019t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis-<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers. The only symptom associated with\n                      <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4537-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:29:57Z","timestamp":1571790597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Fontanelli Sulekova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Luigi","family":"Milardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Biliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Iaiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fimiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Maiorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Mattiucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Taliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.12.011","volume":"126","author":"MA Alfellani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alfellani MA, Stensvold CR, Vidal-Lapiedra A, Onuoha ES, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF, Clark CG. 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