{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T08:30:34Z","timestamp":1769243434417,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Current available treatments (benznidazole and nifurtimox) for Chagas disease (CD) show limited efficacy in chronic phase and frequent undesirable effects. Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors (ESI) had been considered as promising drugs for CD treatment and despite its recent poor results in several clinical trials, different strategies have been proposed to optimize its role in this infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We present a case of chronic Chagas disease in patient diagnosed with HIV who received treatment for histoplasmosis with itraconazol during twelve months. Even though <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> rt-PCR was persistently negative during treatment, when itraconazol was stopped she presented with a positive blood rt-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Several studies using different ESI had been published for CD treatment. Either in vitro or in vivo assays demonstrated activity against <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> of the different triazole derivatives so different clinical trials had been carried out to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Despite contradictory evidence in the animal model, longer treatments along with other treatment strategies previously proposed suggests that ESI failure rates in positive peripheral blood rt-PCR are higher than that obtained with the current treatments of choice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4608-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T17:03:13Z","timestamp":1573318993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A case report of long treatment with Itraconazole in a patient with chronic Chagas disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pau","family":"Bosch-Nicolau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Montalv\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sulleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00006","volume":"144","author":"R Viotti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viotti R, Vigliano C, Lococo B, et al. Long-term cardiac outcomes of treating chronic Chagas disease with benznidazole versus no treatment: a nonrandomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(10):724\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4608_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6125","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04660-14","volume":"59","author":"I Molina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Molina I, Salvador F, S\u00e1nchez-Montalv\u00e1 A, Trevi\u00f1o B, Serre N, Sao Avil\u00e9s A, Almirante B. Toxic profile of Benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas disease: risk factors and comparison of the product from two different manufacturers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59(10):6125\u201331.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"4608_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1771","volume":"42","author":"JA Urbina","year":"1998","unstructured":"Urbina JA, Payares G, Contreras LM, et al. Antiproliferative effects and mechanism of action of SCH 56592 against Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: in vitro and in vivo studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42(7):1771\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4608_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.05.019","volume":"103","author":"M Piron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piron M, Fisa R, Casamitjana N, et al. Development of a real-time PCR assay for Trypanosoma cruzi detection in blood samples. Acta Trop. 2007;103:195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"4608_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761993000100023","volume":"88","author":"Z Brener","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brener Z, Can\u00e7ado JR, Galv\u00e3o LM, et al. An experimental and clinical assay with ketoconazole in the treatment of Chagas disease. 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