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However, the role of CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TRM was not elucidated in the progress of <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection induced disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>6\u20138\u2009weeks old C57BL\/6 mice were infected by <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>. Mice were sacrificed and the lungs were removed 5\u20136\u2009weeks after infection. Immunofluorescent staining and Q-PCR were performed to identify the expression of CD103 molecule. Single cellular populations were made, percentages of CD103 on both CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes were dynamical observed by flow cytometry (FCM). Moreover, the expression of memory T cells related molecules CD69 and CD62L, T cell function associated molecules CD107a, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10 were compared between CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells by FCM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were emerged in the lung of both naive and <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infected mice. Both the percentage and the absolute numbers of pulmonary CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were increased after <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The percentage of CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells decreased significantly at the early stage of <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Increased CD69, decreased CD62L and CD107a expressions were detected on both CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in the lungs of infected mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Compared to CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from infected mice expressed higher level of CD69 and lower level CD62L molecules (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, higher percentage of IL-4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, IL-9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and IL-10<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> pulmonary T cells was found in infected mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Significantly increased IL-4 and IL-9, and decreased IFN-\u03b3 expressing cells were detected in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells of infected mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CD103-expressing pulmonary CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells play important roles in mediating <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection induced granulomatous inflammation in the lung.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4633-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T05:02:54Z","timestamp":1574830974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Changes of CD103-expressing pulmonary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in S. japonicum infected C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanfa","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaina","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailin","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbing","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6135-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4633_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001588","volume":"6","author":"DJ Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray DJ, Thrift AP, Williams GM, Zheng F, Li YS, Guo J, Chen H, Wang T, Xu XJ, Zhu R, et al. 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