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Case one was a fifty-year-old male. At admission, he was conscious and oriented, with papulonodular and umbilicated skin lesions, some with ulceration and central necrosis resembling molluscum contagiosum. The overall impression reminded us of talaromycosis: we therefore initiated empirical treatment with amphotericin B, even though the case history of this patient did not support such a diagnosis. On the second day of infusion, the patient complained of intermittent headache, but the brain CT revealed no abnormalities. On the third day, a lumbar puncture was performed. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was turbid, with slightly increased pressure. India ink staining was positive, but the cryptococcus antigen latex agglutination test (CrAgLAT: IMMY, USA) was negative. Two days later, the blood culture showed a growth of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans,<\/jats:italic> and the same result came from the skin culture. We added fluconazole to the patient\u2019s treatment, but unfortunately, he died three days later.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Case two was a sixty-four-year-old female patient with mild fever, productive cough, dyspnea upon movement, and swelling in both lower limbs. The patient was empirically put on cotrimoxazole per os and moxifloxacin by infusion. A bronchofibroscopy was conducted with a fungal culture, showing growth of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus laurentii<\/jats:italic> colonies. Amphotericin B was started thereafter but discontinued three days later in favor of fluconazole 400\u2009mg\/d due to worsening renal function. The patient became afebrile after 72\u2009h of treatment with considerable improvement of other comorbidities and was finally discharged with continuing oral antifungal therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our cases illustrate that cryptococcal disease is an important consideration when treating immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients. Life threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis caused by <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>may still common in these populations and can vary greatly in clinical presentations, especially with regard to skin lesions. Pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by <jats:italic>C. laurentii<\/jats:italic> is rare, but should also be considered in certain contexts. Guidelines for its earlier diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis are needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4634-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1574867020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical diversity of invasive cryptococcosis in AIDS patients from central China: report of two cases with review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yongxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2019en","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renslow","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"4634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003802","volume":"95","author":"B Luo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luo B, Sun J, Cai R, Shen Y, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang R, Shen J, Lu H. 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Hence, the position of the two pictures should be reversed.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"For the patient one, a written consent for publication has been obtained from his son, and for the second patient, a written consent for publication has been signed by herself. The contents of the consent including the informed knowledge for the preparation of this case report and publication of clinical data, imaging and radiological images of the patient in an open access journal. The participants understood that the details\/images would be freely available on the internet and may be seen by the general public.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1003"}}