{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T15:48:52Z","timestamp":1794671332586,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. It is acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing tissue cyst, food or water contaminated with oocyst and congenital infection through the placenta leading to serious congenital abnormalities in the fetus like miscarriage, stillbirth, intrauterine death and neurologic defects. Therefore; this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and its possible risk factors associated with pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The study was done in antenatal care clinics of Hawassa and Yiregalem Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia. Five hundred pregnant women were interviewed with a pretested structured questionnaire to collect risk factors and socio-demographic data. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and tested for a<jats:italic>nti- Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies using ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. The risk factors were tested for significance using Bivariate and multivariate analysis. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value &lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The weighted prevalence of this study was 81.8% for the anti- <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> antibody. Almost all participants (99.6%) had no information about the disease. A significant association was observed between seroprevalence and contact with domestic cats (OR\u2009=\u20091.206, 95% CI (1.627\u20132.206, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043), consumption of raw meat (OR\u2009=\u20090.848, 95% CI: 1.517\u20132.941, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019) and unpasteurized milk (OR\u2009=\u20090.871, 95% CI 1.531\u20132.221, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032). A significant association was not observed between seroprevalence and age, history of abortion, and blood transfusion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings of this study demonstrated a relatively higher prevalence of seropositivity than studies reported from other countries. Existence of domestic cats at home, consumption of undercooked meat and unpasteurized milk were identified as risk factors for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Therefore, a health education program to increase the mother\u2019s knowledge about <jats:italic>toxoplasmosis<\/jats:italic> towards avoiding eating undercooked meat, contact with cats and consumption of unpasteurized milk during pregnancy is recommended. Furthermore, our results suggested that the implementation of newborn screening and follow-up testing can lead to reducing of toxoplasmosis associated complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T19:03:26Z","timestamp":1576523006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Hawassa University comprehensive specialized and Yirgalem General Hospitals, in Southern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-838X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demissie Assegu","family":"Fenta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"4694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis508","volume":"55","author":"J Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones J, Dubey J. 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BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):482.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:19:16Z","timestamp":1607991556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4694-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The research was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hawassa University College of medicine and health science on 14 February 2017 and approved the proposal with (Reference number: IRB -057-14- 02\/2017). An original copy of the approval, as well as the consent form, is available upon request. Written informed consent was taken from all study participants according to national research guidelines and regulations of the Ministry of Health.Permission was obtained from Hawassa University, College of health science comprehensive and specialized hospital and Yirgalem hospital to collect sociodemographic and risk factors and blood sample collection.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1056"}}