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In total, 281 children with suspected pertussis infections were enrolled in this study. Multi-pathogen detection was performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 281 children were enrolled including 139 males and 142 females. Among them, 149 (53.0%) were <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> positive, and 72 (15.6%) children tested positive for other pathogens. <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (MP, 27 cases) was the most common causative pathogen in pertussis-like syndrome, followed by human rhinovirus (HRV, 23 cases), <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (SP, 13 cases), <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> (HI, 12 cases) and parainfluenza virus 3 (Pinf-3, 9 cases). Children in the <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> group had a higher rate of vaccination and longer hospital stay (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> was more likely to be detected in winter than other pathogens, but this difference was not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.074). The number of white blood cells, neutrophils and blood platelets was significantly higher in children in the <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> than in the pertussis-like group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, the percentage of CD3-CD19+ cells was significantly higher in the <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>About half of the children with pertussis-like syndrome were <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> positive. MP was the second most common causative pathogen followed by HRV, SP, HI and Pinf-3. Children infected with <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> had longer hospital stay and higher numbers of white blood cells, neutrophil and blood platelets compared with other pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05074-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1589871829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pathogen analysis of pertussis-like syndrome in children"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuangli","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sainan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5074_CR1","first-page":"178","volume":"6","author":"F Haghighi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haghighi F, Shahcheraghi F, Abbasi E, Eshraghi SS, Zeraati H, Mousavi SA, et al. 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