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It causes a negative impact on the growth and school performance of children. In connection to this preventive chemotherapy, different studies produced conflicting results. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of single (500\u2009mg) versus multiple doses (100\u2009mg twice a day during three consecutive days) of mebendazole against hookworm infections among school-aged children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This randomized open-label clinical trial took place among school-aged children (6\u201314\u2009years old) in Burie and Debre Elias towns, Northwest Ethiopia. Using simple randomization, eligible hookworm-positive children were allocated (1:1) to either a single or multiple dose treatment arms. Stool samples were collected and processed using McMaster method at baseline and follow-up period (14\u201321\u2009days after treatment). Only laboratory technicians were blinded. The cure and egg reduction rates were the primary and secondary therapeutic outcome measures against hookworm infections, respectively. An independent t-test was used to compare group means, and logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR).\n P<\/jats:italic>\n -value <\u20090.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Result<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred eight children, 54 in each treatment arm had completed baseline data and received allocated treatment. One hundred three children had completed follow-up data records and included for the final efficacy analysis. Cure rate against hookworm was significantly higher in the multiple dose (96.1%) than in the single dose (30.8%) with OR\u2009=\u200955.125; 95% CI: 11.92\u2013254.9;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001. The egg reduction rate in the multiple dose treatment arm (99.5%) was also significantly higher than in the single dose arm (68.9%) with difference t (101) =5.38; 95% CI 230.95\u2013505.36;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The single dose regimen of mebendazole for the treatment of hookworm infections showed poor cure and egg reduction rates, while the multiple doses revealed satisfactory. Although multiple dose regimen administration is a bit more complex than the single dose, we strongly encourage replacing it with multiple dose regimen during deworming programs in hookworm endemic areas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n \n This trial is retrospectively registered in\n www.pactr.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n , number PACTR201911466695052 on November 26, 2019.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05097-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T07:03:40Z","timestamp":1590563020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Efficacy of a single dose versus a multiple dose regimen of Mebendazole against hookworm infections among school children: a randomized open-label trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tegegne","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulugeta","family":"Aemero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayalew Jejaw","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004922","volume":"10","author":"SM Bartsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartsch SM, Hotez PJ, Asti L, Zapf KM, Bottazzi ME, Diemert DJ, et al. 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A permission and support letters were also obtained from Zonal Health bureau and District Health Office. Parents\/guardians had provided a written informed consent on behalf of any participants under the age of 16. Thumbprint was also taken from each parent\/guardian who was unable to read and write after having been read the full informed consent form by a data collector. Besides, verbal assent was sought from each participant.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"376"}}