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Their incidence is estimated to be less than 1% in immunocompromised hosts. Most common pathogens isolated are Gram positive aerobic cocci. Infections with Gram negative facultative aerobes such as<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>are rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 55-year-old female with type II diabetes mellitus and a history of a colloid right thyroid lobe nodule presented with neck pain and fever. She was found to have a thyroid abscess 2 weeks following a non-specific diarrheal illness. A needle aspiration for symptomatic and diagnostic purposes was performed. Cultures grew<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg<\/jats:italic>. She was treated with a 12-week course of oral antibiotics and serial aspiration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A thyroid abscess is a rare occurrence; however, a high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis. The management is directed at minimizing morbidity. The mainstay treatment is medical, but surgery is sometimes necessary to achieve adequate source control, particularly when complications arise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05161-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1592823782000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A pain in the neck: Salmonella spp. as an unusual cause of a thyroid abscess. 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No formal research ethics board approval was necessary and therefore no reference number was generated.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed written consent from the patient was obtained for dissemination and publishing of this case in accordance with the Nova Scotia Health Authority research ethics board guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"436"}}