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Enrolled patients were randomised to receive either 150\u2009mg RBT EOD (arm A, 9 subjects) or 300\u2009mg RBT EOD (arm B, 7 subjects), both associated with LPV\/r taken twice daily. RBT plasma concentrations were evaluated after 2\u00a0weeks of combined HIV and TB treatment. Samples were collected just before drug ingestion and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12\u2009h after drug ingestion to measure plasma drug concentration using an HPLC-MS\/MS assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Cmax and AUC<jats:sub>0\u201312h<\/jats:sub>medians in arm A (Cmax\u2009=\u2009296\u2009ng\/mL, IQR: 205\u201345; AUC<jats:sub>0\u201312h<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u20092528\u2009ng.h\/mL, IQR: 1684\u20132735) were lower than those in arm B (Cmax\u2009=\u2009600\u2009ng\/mL, IQR: 403\u2013717; AUC<jats:sub>0\u201312h<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u20094042.5\u2009ng.h\/mL, IQR: 3469\u20135761), with a statistically significant difference in AUC<jats:sub>0\u201312h<\/jats:sub>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.044) but not in Cmax (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.313). No significant differences were observed in Tmax (3\u2009h versus 4\u2009h). Five patients had a Cmax below the plasma therapeutic limit (&lt;\u2009300\u2009ng\/mL) in the 150\u2009mg RBT arm, while the Cmax was above this threshold for all patients in the 300\u2009mg RBT arm. Additionally, at 48\u2009h after drug ingestion, all patients had a mycobacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) above the limit (&gt;\u200964\u2009ng\/mL) in the 300\u2009mg RBT arm, while 4\/9 patients had such values in the 150\u2009mg RBT arm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirmed that the 150\u2009mg dose of rifabutin ingested EOD in combination with LPV\/r is inadequate and could lead to selection of rifamycin-resistant mycobacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/Search.aspx\">PACTR201310000629390<\/jats:ext-link>, 28th October 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05169-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T05:02:44Z","timestamp":1593147764000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacokinetic study of two different rifabutin doses co-administered with lopinavir\/ritonavir in African HIV and tuberculosis co-infected adult patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2426-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seni","family":"Kouanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri Gautier","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kadari","family":"Cisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tegwinde Rebeca","family":"Compaor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Sulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Diagbouga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Roggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grissoum","family":"Tarnagda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lassana","family":"Sangare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Simpor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Regazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Matteelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5169_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-253","volume":"11","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawn SD, Meintjes G, McIlleron H, Harries AD, Wood R. 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The study received ethical approval from the national Ethics Committee for Health Research (Comit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9thique pour la recherche en sant\u00e9, CERS) of Burkina Faso.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"449"}}