{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:31:51Z","timestamp":1783938711782,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Neisseria macacae<\/jats:italic> was discovered in the oral cavity of monkeys in 1983. In humans, it has been isolated from the upper respiratory tract of neutropenic patients. However, only two cases of <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> bacteremia have been reported in a 65-year-old man with infective endocarditis and a 5-month-old child with fever and petechiae. There are no reports of infections in cancer patients. Here, we present two cases of <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> bacteremia in cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the first case, a 42-year-old woman who underwent ovarian cancer surgery presented with duodenal invasion associated with multiple lymph node metastasis. <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> was isolated from her blood culture and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). In the second case, a 69-year-old woman with a long-standing history of esophagogastric junction cancer presented with fever. She had stage IVB cancer with lung, bone, and multiple lymph node metastasis. The last chemotherapy was administered 5\u2009weeks before <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> was detected using MALDI-TOF MS and nitrate test negative. In both cases, transthoracic echography showed no vegetation. Antibiotics were administered for 14 and 13\u2009days in the first and second cases, respectively. In both cases, fever alleviated on day 4 of antibiotic administration. Both patients were discharged after their conditions improved.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This, to our knowledge, is the first report of <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> bacteremia in cancer patients. Both patients, mucosal damage was observed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, exclusion diagnosis suggested that bacteremia invasion was caused by mucosal rupture in both cases. Both cases responded well to treatment with \u03b2-lactam antibiotics and improved after 2\u2009weeks. Modifying the treatment based on the source of the infection may shorten the treatment period. Therefore, further research on <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> bacteremia is necessary. Immunocompromised patients such as those with cancer are susceptible to mucosal damage by unusual bacterial species such as <jats:italic>N. macacae<\/jats:italic> despite not having contact with monkeys.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1598266982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Neisseria macacae bacteremia: report of two cases with a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3459-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanako","family":"Kurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyofumi","family":"Ohkusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"5346_CR1","first-page":"S83","volume":"22","author":"MA Schouten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schouten MA, Suwandy F, Quaak M. Neisseria macacae bacteraemia in a child with fever and petechiae. Ned Tijdschr Med Microbiol. 2014;22(Suppl):S83\u20134.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5346_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-017-0985-4","volume":"45","author":"M Vecten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vecten M, Martel H, Casalta JP, Hubert S, Lepidi H, Habib G, et al. Fatal Neisseria macacae infective endocarditis: first report. Infection. 2017;45:369\u201371.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"5346_CR3","first-page":"515","volume":"33","author":"NA Vedros","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vedros NA, Hoke C, Chun P. Neisseria macacae sp. nov., a new Neisseria species isolated from the oropharynges of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1983;33:515\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"5346_CR4","first-page":"437","volume":"122","author":"M Arij","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arij M, Achour W, Ben HA. Intraspecific 16S rRNA gene diversity among clinical isolates of Neisseria species. APMIS. 2013;122:437\u201342.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"5346_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyama T, Hamada S, Takata T, Hoi S, Fukuda S, Isomoto H. Refractory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis due to Neisseria macacae: a case report and review of the literature. Intern Med. 2020:4832\u201320.","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.4832-20"},{"key":"5346_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2017.05.004","volume":"41","author":"T Coton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coton T, Sbai W, Beaussac M, Luciano L, Gay G, Garnotel E. New flexible endoscopes: surprising bacterial colonization post-disinfection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2017;41:e63\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5346_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz365","volume":"70","author":"HV Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong HV, Pham LQ, Nguyen HT, Nguyen MXB, Nguyen TV, May F, et al. Decreased cephalosporin susceptibility of oropharyngeal Neisseria species in antibiotic-using men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70:1169\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5346_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16070","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.70","volume":"1","author":"C Donati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donati C, Zolfo M, Albanese D, Truong DT, Asnicar F, Iebba V, et al. Uncovering oral Neisseria tropism and persistence using metagenomic sequencing. Nat Microbiol. 2016;1:16070.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"5346_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.056077-0","volume":"158","author":"JS Bennet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bennet JS, Jolley KA, Earle SG, Corton C, Bentley SD, Parkhill J, et al. A genomic approach to bacterial taxonomy: an examination and proposed reclassification of species within the genus Neisseria. Microbiology. 2012;158:1570\u201380.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"5346_CR10","first-page":"ftx031","volume":"75","author":"NJ Weyand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weyand NJ. Neisseria models of infection and persistence in the upper respiratory tract. Pathogen Dis. 2017;75:ftx031.","journal-title":"Pathogen Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T23:05:02Z","timestamp":1629759902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05346-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital\u2019s Ethics Review Board (Approval J2019\u2013200\u20132019-1).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from both the patients for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"619"}}