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Staphylococci are a phylogenetically coherent group; nevertheless, there are differences among the species which may be important to clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated selected virulence factors and antibiotic resistance that were phenotypically demonstrated, the presence and expression of genes encoding the virulence factors, and the type of the SCCmec cassette.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The differences between the tested species were revealed. A great number of isolates produced a biofilm and many of them contained single <jats:italic>icaADBC<\/jats:italic> operon genes. Clear differences between species in the lipolytic activity spectrum could be related to their ability to cause various types of infections. Our studies also revealed the presence of genes encoding virulence factors homologous to <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in the analysed species such as enterotoxin and <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic> genes, which were also expressed in single isolates of <jats:italic>S. simulans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. warneri<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. hominis<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>hominis<\/jats:italic> isolates were resistant to all clinically important antibiotics including \u00df-lactams. The identified SCC<jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic> cassettes belonged to IV, V, VII, and IX type but most of the detected cassettes were non-typeable. Among the investigated species, <jats:italic>S. hominis<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>hominis<\/jats:italic> isolates accumulated virulence genes typical for <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> in the most efficient way and were widely resistant to antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results clearly indicated significant differences between the tested species, which might be a result of the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and can lead to the formation and selection of multi-drug resistant strains as well as strains with new virulence features. Such strains can have a new clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4841-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T16:02:50Z","timestamp":1581436970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Szemraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Grazul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Balcerczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eligia M.","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"4841_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-12-171","volume":"12","author":"RP Lamers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lamers RP, Muthukrishnan G, Castoe TA, Tafur S, Cole AM, Parkinson CL. 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