{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:33:27Z","timestamp":1787834007774,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Grant of China","award":["No. 13CSH076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 13CSH076"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Key Discipline Plan","award":["Nos. 12GWZX0901, 15GWZK1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 12GWZX0901, 15GWZK1001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echinococcosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and has been a major worldwide public health problem. Although it is known that health literacy is closely related to health behaviours and health outcomes, few studies have paid attention to echinococcosis related health literacy. This study aims to examine the association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy (ES-HL) and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis (BIPE) among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateauin in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study of 401 Tibetan herdsmen was conducted in Gande county of Qinghai Province, China. Participants were recruited from August to September 2018 and from February to March 2019. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure demographic information, ES-HL and BIPE. Hierarchical regression analysis was done to identify the factors associated with BIPE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the hierarchical regression analysis, we entered age, sex, education level, marital state and family monthly income per capita into model 1 which explained a significant amount of variance in BIPE (Adjusted R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>change\u2009=\u20090.029,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). Sex (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.125,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) and family monthly income per capita (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.133,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) were found to be associated with BIPE. Subsequently, the three factors of ES-HL were added to Model 1 to create Model 2. In Model 2, the two factors of ES-HL, perceived echinococcosis information support (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.229,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and echinococcosis-specific self-management ability (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.252, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), were significantly associated with BIPE, while the information acquisition and evaluation ability factor (\u03b2 =0.093,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.089) was not found to be associated with BIPE. The model improved significantly when ES-HL was included (Model 2) explaining the 25.8% of variance of BIPE (Adjust R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>change =0.229,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ES-HL is an important predictor of whether individuals take preventive actions against echinococcosis. An ES-HL promotion action project should be developed targeting specific populations to enhance the prevention of echinococcosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T07:03:21Z","timestamp":1611299001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between echinococcosis-specific health literacy and behavioural intention to prevent echinococcosis among herdsmen on the Tibet Plateau in China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangzong","family":"Dawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezhong","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Dejicuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Lengbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Dengbentai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14573-4","volume":"362","author":"DP McManus","year":"2003","unstructured":"McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis. Lancet. 2003;362:1295\u2013304.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5775_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed2030036","volume":"2","author":"AK Mitra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitra AK, Mawson AR. Neglected tropical diseases: epidemiology and global burden. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017;2:36.","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"5775_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005477","volume":"11","author":"CM Budke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Budke CM, Casulli A, Kern P, Vuitton DA. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: Successes and continuing challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005477.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"5775_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization: WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases. Accessed 3 Dec 2015."},{"key":"5775_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-3-3","volume":"3","author":"Q Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Q, Huang Y, Huang L, Yu W, He W, Zhong B, Li W, Zeng X, Vuitton DA, Giraudoux P, Craig PS, Wu W. Review of risk factors for human echinococcosis prevalence on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China: a prospective for control options. Infect Dis Poverty. 2014;3:3.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"5775_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0159-0","volume":"5","author":"J-L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang J-L, Li T-T, Huang S-Y, Cong W, Zhu X-Q. Major parasitic diseases of poverty in mainland China: perspectives for better control. Infect Dis Poverty. 2016;5:67.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"5775_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.006","volume":"113","author":"T Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li T, Chen X, Zhen R, Qiu J, Qiu D, Xiao N, Ito A, Wang H, Giraudoux P, Sako Y, et al. Widespread co-endemicity of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis on the eastern Tibetan plateau, Northwest Sichuan\/Southeast Qinghai, China. Acta Trop. 2010;113:248\u201356.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5775_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70134-2","volume":"7","author":"PS Craig","year":"2007","unstructured":"Craig PS, McManus DP, Lightowlers MW, Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Lorca M, Naquira C, et al. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:385\u201394.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5775_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0383-2","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis endemicity in Pakistan. Infect Dis Poverty. 2018;7:4.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"5775_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.09.050","volume":"67","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nutbeam D. The evo1ving concept of health 1iteracy. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67:2072\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"5775_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2008.04.003","volume":"1","author":"B Marks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marks B, Sisirak J, Hsieh K. Health services, health promotion, and health literacy: report from the state of the science in aging with developmental disabilities conference. Disabil Health J. 2008;1:136\u201342.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"key":"5775_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.4.475","volume":"288","author":"D Schillinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schillinger D, Grumbach K, Piette J, et al. Association of health literacy with diabetes outcome. JAMA. 2002;288:475\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5775_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730500228631","volume":"10","author":"M Wolf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wolf M, Bennett C, Davis T, Marin E, Arnold C. A qualitative study of literacy and patient response to HIV medication adherence questionnaires. J Health Commun. 2005;10:509\u201317.","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"5775_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410160029002","volume":"153","author":"RL Kravitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kravitz RL, Hays RD, Sherbourne CD, DiMatteo MR, Rogers WH, Ordway L, et al. Recall of recommendations and adherence to advice among patients with chronic medical conditions. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:1869\u201378.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"5775_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.3.2.214","volume":"3","author":"PA Lawrence","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lawrence PA, Cheely J. Deterioration of diabetic patients\u2019 knowledge and management skills as determined during outpatient visits. Diabetes Care. 1980;3:214\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"5775_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheeran P. Intention\u2013Behavior Relations: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. In: Stroebe W, Hewstone M, editors. European Review of Social Psychology. Hoboken: Wiley; 2002.","DOI":"10.1080\/14792772143000003"},{"key":"5775_CR17","volume-title":"Attitudes, personality, and behavior","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ajzen I. Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Milton Keynes: Open University Press; 1988."},{"key":"5775_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69746-3_2","volume-title":"Action control: from cognition to behavior","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Beckmann J, editors. Action control: from cognition to behavior. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1985. p. 11\u201339."},{"key":"5775_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m441","volume":"368","author":"RD Riley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riley RD, Ensor J, Snell KI, et al. Calculating the sample size required for developing a clinical prediction model. BMJ. 2020;368:m441.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5775_CR20","first-page":"11","volume":"9","author":"JW Osborne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Osborne JW, Costello AB. Sample size and subject to item ratio in principal components analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2004;9:11.","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"key":"5775_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-658","volume":"13","author":"RH Osborne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osborne RH, Batterham RW, Elsworth GR, et al. The grounded psychometric development and initial validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). BMC Public Health. 2013;13:658.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5775_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-009-0349-x","volume":"180","author":"J Fullam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fullam J, Doyle G, Sorensen K, et al. The development and validation of the European health literacy survey (HLS.EU). Ir J Med Sci. 2011;180:225\u20136.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"5775_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"Q Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Q, Chen Y, Muhamad JW. Social support, Trust in Health Information, and health information-seeking behaviors (HISBs): a study using the 2012 Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (ANHCS). Health Commun. 2016;32:1.","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"5775_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1108\/13619322199900014","volume":"4","author":"V Oliver","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oliver V, Paxton R. Mental health needs and social support in a health information service. Ment Health Rev J. 1999;4:13\u20137.","journal-title":"Ment Health Rev J"},{"key":"5775_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0506-6","volume":"18","author":"E Cepova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cepova E, Cicvakova M, Kolarcik P, et al. Associations of multidimensional health literacy with reported oral health promoting behaviour among Slovak adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:44.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"5775_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-6-200509200-00007","volume":"143","author":"J Chodosh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chodosh J, Morton SC, Mojica W, Maglione M, Suttorp MJ, Hilton L, Rhodes S, Shekelle P. Meta-analysis: chronic disease self-management programs for older adults. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:427\u201338.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5775_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7319.947","volume":"323","author":"J Epping-Jordan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Epping-Jordan J, Bengoa R, Kawar R, Sabat\u00e9 E. The challenge of chronic conditions: WHO responds. Br Med J. 2001;323:947\u20138.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"5775_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBM.0000047611.81027.71","volume":"27","author":"RE Glasgow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glasgow RE, Toobert DJ, Barrera M, Strycker LA. Assessment of problem-solving: a key to successful diabetes self-management. J Behav Med. 2004;27:477\u201390.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"5775_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/03601270290081353","volume":"28","author":"N Purdie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Purdie N, McCrindle A. Self-regulation, self-efficacy and health behavior change in older adults. Educ Gerontol. 2002;28:379\u2013400.","journal-title":"Educ Gerontol"},{"key":"5775_CR30","first-page":"CD008731","volume":"9","author":"F Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martin F, Caramlau IO, Sutcliffe P, et al. Self-management interventions for people living with HIV\/AIDS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;9:CD008731.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5775_CR31","first-page":"2425","volume":"19","author":"AM Almohammadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almohammadi AM, Qurashi DS, Ghaydaa AA. Assessment of patients\u2019 knowledge of tuberculosis and its impact on self-management ability. Trop J Pharm Res. 2019;19:2425\u201330.","journal-title":"Trop J Pharm Res"},{"key":"5775_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113477112","volume":"40","author":"EJ Groessl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Groessl EJ, Ho SB, Asch SM, et al. The hepatitis C self-management program. Health Educ Behav. 2013;40:730.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"5775_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/260359","volume":"2015","author":"RK Adhikari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adhikari RK. Health-seeking behaviors and self-care practices of people with filarial lymphoedema in Nepal: a qualitative study. J Trop Med. 2015;2015:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"5775_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"2016","author":"F Karina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karina F, Donslund VB, Simmons RK, et al. The relationship between health literacy and health behaviour in people with diabetes: a Danish population-based study. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"5775_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5751-8","volume":"18","author":"SM Hosking","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosking SM, Brennan-Olsen SL, Alison B, et al. Health literacy in a population-based sample of Australian women: a cross-sectional profile of the Geelong osteoporosis study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:876\u201390.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5775_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6372-y","volume":"19","author":"S Thys","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thys S, Sahibi H, Gabri\u00ebl S, et al. Community perception and knowledge of cystic echinococcosis in the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:118.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5775_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.08.011","volume":"152","author":"MJ Ducrotoy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ducrotoy MJ, Yahyaoui Azami H, El Berbri I, Bouslikhane M, Fassi Fihri O, Bou\u00e9 F, et al. Integrated health messaging for multiple neglected zoonoses:approaches, challenges and opportunities in Morocco. Acta Trop. 2015;152:17\u201325.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"5775_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1207","volume":"14","author":"SV Altin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altin SV, Finke I, Kautz-Freimuth S, et al. The evolution of health literacy assessment tools: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1207.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"5775_CR39","first-page":"792","volume":"9","author":"WS Purba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Purba WS, Perangin-Angin N, Lismawati, et al. Relationships among knowledge, attitude and behavioral intention of waste management technology. Int J Civil Eng Technol. 2018;9:792\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Civil Eng Technol"},{"key":"5775_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-015-0056-z","volume":"14","author":"S Knowles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knowles S, Lam LT, McInnes E, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviour intentions for three bowel management practices in intensive care: effects of a targeted protocol implementation for nursing and medical staff. BMC Nurs. 2015;14:6.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"5775_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_199_19","volume":"9","author":"M Bahramian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahramian M, Najimi A, Omid A. Association between health literacy with knowledge, attitude, and performance of health-care providers in applying health literacy education strategies for health education delivery. J Educ Health Promot. 2020;9:10.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"5775_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocit.2015.10.042","volume":"1","author":"N Peyman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peyman N, Amani M, Esmaily H. The relationship between health literacy and the theory of planned behavior on breast Cancer screening programs among rural women in Roshtkhar, Iran 2015. J Cell Immunother. 2015;1:41\u20132.","journal-title":"J Cell Immunother"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T20:47:14Z","timestamp":1724359634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05775-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Fudan University (The international registry NO. IRB00002408 & FWA00002399). A written informed consent was obtained from each participant.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"101"}}