{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:39:15Z","timestamp":1773808755997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) often suffer from opportunistic infections and related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL). Both diseases showed multiple ring enhancement lesions in conventional magnetic resonance (MR). It is very difficult to make the differential diagnosis. We aimed to investigate whether multimodal MR (diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)\/ apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)) combined with conventional MR can differentiate AR-PCNSL from infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a prospective study. We recruited 19 AIDS patients who were divided into AR-PCNSL group (9 cases) and infection group (10 cases) by pathological results. We analyzed whether there was statistical (\n                      <jats:italic>Fisher\u2019s<\/jats:italic>\n                      method) difference in multimodal MR between the two groups. We analyzed whether multimodal MR combined with conventional MR could improve the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The lesions were more likely involved the paraventricular (0.020) and corpus callosum (0.033) in AR-PCNSL group in conventional MR. In multimodal MR, AR-PCNSL group showed low ADC value, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values of 0.001. Infection group more inclined to high ADC value, with p was 0.003. In multimodal MR, AR-PCNSL group had more low signal intensity (grade 2\u20133) in the degree of intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity in SWI (SWI-ITSS),\u00a0with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values of 0.001. The sensitivity, specificity of conventional MR in the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL was 88.9 and 70.0%. The conventional MR sequence combined with DWI\/ADC sequence in the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL had a sensitivity of 100.0%, and a specificity of 60.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of the conventional MR sequence combined with the SWI-ITSS sequence in the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL were 100 and 70.0%. The conventional MR combined with ADC or SWI-ITSS improved the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multimodal MR could distinguish AR-PCNSL from infectious lesions. The multimodal MR (DWI\/ADC or SWI-ITSS) combined with conventional MR could improve the diagnosis of AR-PCNSL. The ADC value should be attached importance in clinical work. When distinguishing AR-PCNSL from toxoplasmosis or tuberculoma, SWI should be used to obtain a correct diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T07:26:29Z","timestamp":1612941989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A comparative study of multimodal magnetic resonance in the differential diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome related primary central nervous system lymphoma and infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunshuang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruming","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Budong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5779_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2006.01.008","volume":"61","author":"CE Offiah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Offiah CE, Turnbull IW. The imaging appearances of intracranial CNS infections in adult HIV and AIDS patients. Clin Radiol. 2006;61:393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"5779_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm010","volume":"99","author":"RJ Biggar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biggar RJ, Chaturvedi AK, Goedert JJ, Engels EA. HIV\/AIDS Cancer Match Study AIDS-related cancer and severity of immunosuppression in persons with AIDS. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:962\u201372.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"5779_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0017-7","volume":"24","author":"D Agrawal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agrawal D, Hussain N. Decompressive craniectomy in cerebral toxoplasmosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005;24:772\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"5779_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2017.5.1.34","volume":"5","author":"SB Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee SB, Lee TG. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2017;5:34\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"key":"5779_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0532-2","volume":"38","author":"RP Lai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lai RP, Meintjes G, Wilkinson RJ. HIV-1 tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Semin Immunopathol. 2016;38:185\u201398.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"5779_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05225-x","volume":"20","author":"M Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue M, Xie R, Pang Y, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of paradoxical tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome among HIV-infected patients in Beijing, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:554.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5779_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1086\/598335","volume":"48","author":"N Khanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khanna N, Elzi L, Mueller NJ, et al. Swiss HIV cohort study. Incidence and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy over 20 years of the Swiss HIV cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1459\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5779_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.149","volume":"12","author":"LN Bowen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowen LN, Smith B, Reich D, Quezado M, Nath A. HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12:662\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"5779_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.05.004","volume":"19","author":"YL Kasamon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kasamon YL, Ambinder RF. AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2005;19:665\u201387.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"5779_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.3.9722843","volume":"208","author":"TM Ernst","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ernst TM, Chang L, Witt MD, et al. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphoma in AIDS: perfusion MR imaging experience in 13 patients. Radiology. 1998;208:663\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"5779_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00076-5","volume":"16","author":"K Hoang-Xuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoang-Xuan K, Bessell E, Bromberg J, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: guidelines from the European Association for Neuro-Oncology. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:e322\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"5779_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26602","volume":"50","author":"CH Suh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suh CH, Kim HS, Jung SC, Park JE, Choi CG, Kim SJ. MRI as a diagnostic biomarker for differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019;50:560\u201372.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"5779_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.288","volume":"4","author":"Y Ding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ding Y, Xing Z, Liu B, Lin X, Cao D. Differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma from high-grade glioma and brain metastases using susceptibility-weighted imaging. Brain Behav. 2014;4:841\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"5779_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.11.023","volume":"152","author":"EH Dibble","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dibble EH, Boxerman JL, Baird GL, Donahue JE, Rogg JM. Toxoplasmosis versus lymphoma: cerebral lesion characterization using DSC-MRI revisited. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017;152:84\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"5779_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6072","volume":"40","author":"MM Thurnher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thurnher MM, Boban J, Rieger A, Gelpi E. Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging Hypointense rim in progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: the end point of Neuroinflammation and a potential outcome predictor. AJNR am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40:994\u20131000.","journal-title":"AJNR am J Neuroradiol."},{"key":"5779_CR16","unstructured":"Sun JJ, Lu HZ. Highlights of the third edition of Chinese guidelines for AIDS diagnosis and treatment(2015). Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2015;44:597\u2013602."},{"key":"5779_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1593","volume":"30","author":"MJ Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park MJ, Kim HS, Jahng GH, Ryu CW, Park SM, Kim SY. Semiquantitative assessment of intratumoral susceptibility signals using non-contrast-enhanced high-field high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging in patients with gliomas: comparison with MR perfusion imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:1402\u20138.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5779_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f4d5bb","volume":"75","author":"P Vivithanaporn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vivithanaporn P, Heo G, Gamble J, et al. Neurologic disease burden in treated HIV\/AIDS predicts survival: a population-based study. Neurology. 2010;75:1150\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"5779_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00090-0","volume":"121","author":"M Bilgrami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bilgrami M, O'Keefe P. Neurologic diseases in HIV-infected patients. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;121:1321\u201344.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5779_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.178","volume":"3","author":"Y Ota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ota Y, Hishima T, Mochizuki M, et al. Classification of AIDS-related lymphoma cases between 1987 and 2012 in Japan based on the WHO classification of lymphomas, fourth edition. Cancer Med. 2014;3:143\u201353.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"5779_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000238411.75324.59","volume":"20","author":"EA Engels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Goedert JJ, et al. HIV\/AIDS Cancer match study. Trends in cancer risk among people with AIDS in the United States 1980-2002. AIDS. 2006;20:1645\u201354.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"5779_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-231613","volume":"115","author":"JA Sparano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sparano JA, Lee JY, Kaplan LD, et al. Rituximab plus concurrent infusional EPOCH chemotherapy is highly effective in HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2010;115:3008\u201316.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"5779_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2017.4.20160606","volume":"22","author":"H Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen H, Lin F, Liu S, Da Y, Guo D. Neurological manifestations, laboratory and neuroimaging features in HIV-infected patients. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2017;22:311\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"5779_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7713-8","volume":"262","author":"A Matinella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matinella A, Lanzafame M, Bonometti MA, et al. Neurological complications of HIV infection in pre-HAART and HAART era: a retrospective study. J Neurol. 2015;262:1317\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5779_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.04.071","volume":"33","author":"S Hamdeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamdeh S, Abbas A, Fraker J, Lambrecht JE. Intracranial toxoplasmosis presenting as panhypopituitarism in an immunocompromised patient. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33:1841\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5779_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.2.211","volume":"15","author":"BJ Luft","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luft BJ, Remington JS. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:211\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5779_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2008.00274.x","volume":"19","author":"S Bhagavati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhagavati S, Choi J. Frequent hemorrhagic lesions in cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients. J Neuroimaging. 2009;19:169\u201373.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"5779_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000271","volume":"35","author":"P Sudhakar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudhakar P, Bachman DM, Mark AS, Berger JR, Kedar S. Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: recent advances and a Neuro-ophthalmological review. J Neuroophthalmol. 2015;35:296\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"5779_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600203","volume":"26","author":"M Corti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corti M, Villafa\u00f1e M, Trione N, Yampolsky C, Sevlever G. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presenting as IRIS in an AIDS patient. A case report and literature review. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26:151\u20134.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"5779_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-0966-4","volume":"45","author":"I Mader","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mader I, Herrlinger U, Klose U, Schmidt F, K\u00fcker W. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of lesion development with diffusion-weighted MRI. Neuroradiology. 2003;45:717\u201321.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology."},{"key":"5779_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12963","volume":"23","author":"S Sainz-de-la-Maza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sainz-de-la-Maza S, Casado JL, P\u00e9rez-El\u00edas MJ, et al. Incidence and prognosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23:919\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"5779_CR32","first-page":"633","volume":"24","author":"DL Camacho","year":"2003","unstructured":"Camacho DL, Smith JK, Castillo M. Differentiation of toxoplasmosis and lymphoma in AIDS patients by using apparent diffusion coefficients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:633\u20137.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"5779_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5359-5","volume":"28","author":"SH You","year":"2018","unstructured":"You SH, Yun TJ, Choi HJ, et al. Differentiation between primary CNS lymphoma and glioblastoma: qualitative and quantitative analysis using arterial spin labeling MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 2018;28:3801\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"5779_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.05.021","volume":"117","author":"PH Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai PH, Chung HW, Chang HC, et al. Susceptibility-weighted imaging provides complementary value to diffusion-weighted imaging in the differentiation between pyogenic brain abscesses, necrotic glioblastomas, and necrotic metastatic brain tumors. Eur J Radiol. 2019;117:56\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"5779_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21790","volume":"60","author":"W Dai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dai W, Garcia D, de Bazelaire C, Alsop DC. Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields. Magn Reson Med. 2008;60:1488\u201397.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"5779_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjhh.2015.12.001","volume":"38","author":"AJ da Rocha","year":"2016","unstructured":"da Rocha AJ, Sobreira Guedes BV, da Silveira da Rocha TM, Maia Junior AC, Chiattone CS. Modern techniques of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of primary central nervous system lymphoma: contributions to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2016;38:44\u201354.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter"},{"key":"5779_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.4.516","volume":"64","author":"IL Simone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Simone IL, Federico F, Tortorella C, et al. 1H-MR spectroscopy for metabolic characterisation of diffuse and focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;64:516\u201323.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"5779_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04602-2","volume":"47","author":"J Haubold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haubold J, Demircioglu A, Gratz M, et al. Non-invasive tumor decoding and phenotyping of cerebral gliomas utilizing multiparametric 18F-FET PET-MRI and MR fingerprinting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47:1435\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"5779_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S185458","volume":"14","author":"L Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song L, Zhang W, Chen H, et al. Apoptosis-promoting effect of rituximab-conjugated magnetic nanoprobes on malignant lymphoma cells with CD20 overexpression. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:921\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T07:27:29Z","timestamp":1612942049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05779-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29816\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29816\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29816\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29816\/v4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All included patients written informed consent. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee (full name: Ethics Committee of Beijing Ditan hospital, Capital Medical University) (reference number 2019-No.0061\u2013001) to the Department of Radiology, Beijing, China.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"165"}}