{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:08:06Z","timestamp":1791346086937,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (CT), <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (NG), and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic> (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367\/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484\/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826\/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606\/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127\/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women \u226425\u2009years (19\/186, 10.21%; 5\/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women \u226430\u2009years (16\/212, 7.54%; 5\/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7\/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2\/45, 4.44%) and NG (3\/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2\/27, 7.41%), NG (2\/27, 7.40%), and MG (1\/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20\/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16\/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T11:04:06Z","timestamp":1611227046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Calas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Zemali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Camuset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Jaubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Manaquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Saint-Pastou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Koumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Poubeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gerardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Bertolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5801_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","volume":"97","author":"J Rowley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97:548\u201362.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"5801_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30310-9","volume":"17","author":"M Unemo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unemo M, Bradshaw CS, Hocking JS, et al. Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:235\u201379.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"5801_CR3","volume-title":"Screening Recommendations and Considerations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Sources","author":"CDC","year":"2015","unstructured":"CDC. Screening Recommendations and Considerations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Sources. 2015. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/screening-recommendations.htm."},{"key":"5801_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419825948","volume":"30","author":"S Soni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soni S, Horner P, Rayment M, et al. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with mycoplasma genitalium (2018). Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30:938\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"5801_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2019.07.023","volume":"16","author":"M Keenan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keenan M, Thomas P, Cotler K. Increasing sexually transmitted infection detection through screening at Extragenital sites. J Nurse Pract. 2020;16:27\u201330.","journal-title":"J Nurse Pract"},{"key":"5801_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000248","volume":"42","author":"JD Trebach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trebach JD, Chaulk CP, Page KR, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis among women reporting Extragenital exposures. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42:233\u20139.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"5801_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318177ec70","volume":"35","author":"RA Gunn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gunn RA, O\u2019Brien CJ, Lee MA, et al. Gonorrhea screening among men who have sex with men: value of multiple anatomic site testing, San Diego, California, 1997\u20132003. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:845\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"5801_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ644","volume":"61","author":"A Lau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lau A, Bradshaw CS, Lewis D, et al. The efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of genital mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:1389\u201399.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"5801_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828098f8","volume":"40","author":"GAFS Van Liere","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Liere GAFS, Hoebe CJPA, Niekamp A-M, et al. Standard symptom- and sexual history\u2013based testing misses Anorectal chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in swingers and men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:285\u20139.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T11:04:13Z","timestamp":1611227053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-05801-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the <i>Commission Nationale Informatique et Libert\u00e9s<\/i> (CNIL).Oral informed consent was obtained from all participants and written informed consent was obtained from a parent or guardian for participants under 18\u2009years old. The ethical character of oral consent alone for this study on totally anonymous collected data was approved by the Scientific Committee for research of the CHU R\u00e9union.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}