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However, the risk factors for the development of recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis remains controversial. Our study was to investigate risk factors of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled from November 2016 through March 2017. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for detection of respiratory viruses which were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct immunofluorescent assay. Serum cytokines including TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- \u03b1 and MIP-1\u03b1 were measured by flow cytometry. Patients were followed up every 3\u2009months for a duration of 2\u2009years by telephone or at outpatient appointments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 89 infants, of which 81 patients were successfully followed up. In total, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrent wheezing episodes. The proportion of patients with history of eczema, systemic glucocorticoid use and patients with moderate-to-severe disease were significantly higher in the recurrent wheezing group than the non-recurrent wheezing group (83.3% vs 52.4%; 66.7% vs 36.5%; 61.1% vs 33.3%, respectively, all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); There were no significant differences between patients with and without recurrent wheezing episodes in the levels of TSLP, IL2, IL13, TIMP-1, MMP-9, IL33, IL5, IL4, IL25, TNF- \u03b1 and MIP-1\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u20090.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of eczema was an independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20095.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3\u201324.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of recurrent wheezing among infants after contracting bronchiolitis was 22.2% during a 2-year follow-up. History of eczema was the only independent risk factor identified and no correlation was found between the specific virus and disease severity in children with post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05937-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T06:04:04Z","timestamp":1615356244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk factors for recurrent wheezing after bronchiolitis in infants: 2-year follow up in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sainan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangli","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010057","volume":"97","author":"M Robledo-Aceves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robledo-Aceves M, Moreno-Peregrina MJ, Velarde-Rivera F, Ascencio-Esparza E. 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