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The efficacy of antibiotic containing preparations for prevention of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis (NCC) has not been established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine published literature to determine whether antibiotic containing preparation are efficacious for prevention of NCC and<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>in the nasopharynx.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE. Articles were selected for review if their content included 4 key criteria: (1) Prospective\/comparative study. (2) Prenatal screening of mothers for<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>with results reported. (3) Follow-up of infants born to chlamydia-positive women. (4) Infants prospectively followed at regular intervals and tested for<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>in the eye\/ nasopharynx (NP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search yielded 159 studies; 11 were selected for full reviews, eight were excluded; three addressed the four criteria. Rates of<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>conjunctivitis in infants in included studies who received silver nitrate was 20\u201333%; positive NP, 1\u201328% and pneumonia, 3\u20138%. Rates of<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>conjunctivitis in neonates who received erythromycin or tetracycline prophylaxis did not differ from silver nitrate; 0\u201315 and 11%, respectively, who received erythromycin or tetracycline developed NCC. Similarly, 4\u201333 and 5% of infants who received erythromycin or tetracycline, respectively, had positive NP cultures; 0\u20134% developed chlamydial pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin or tetracycline ophthalmic ointments does not reduce incidence of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis or respiratory infection in infants born to mothers with<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection compared to silver nitrate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05974-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T13:02:32Z","timestamp":1615986152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neonatal prophylaxis with antibiotic containing ointments does not reduce incidence of chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tamar A.","family":"Smith-Norowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Ukaegbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kohlhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Hammerschlag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5974_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01929523","volume":"18","author":"CSF Cred\u00e9","year":"1881","unstructured":"Cred\u00e9 CSF. 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