{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:32:35Z","timestamp":1793709155382,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-management interventions aim to enable people living with chronic conditions to increase control over their condition in order to achieve optimal health and may be pertinent for young people with chronic illnesses such as HIV. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-management interventions for improving health-related outcomes of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) and identify the components that are most effective, particularly in low-resource settings with a high HIV burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs, non-randomised controlled trials (non-RCTs) and controlled before-after (CBA) studies. We did a comprehensive search up to 1 August 2019. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We synthesised results in a meta-analysis where studies were sufficiently homogenous. In case of substantial heterogeneity, we synthesised results narratively. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE and presented our findings as summaries in tabulated form.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 14 studies, comprising 12 RCTs and two non-RCTs. Most studies were conducted in the United States, one in Thailand and four in Africa. Interventions were diverse, addressing a variety of self-management domains and including a combination of individual, group, face-to-face, cell phone or information communication technology mediated approaches. Delivery agents varied from trained counsellors to healthcare workers and peers. Self-management interventions compared to usual care for ALHIV made little to no difference to most health-related outcomes, but the evidence is very uncertain. Self-management interventions may increase adherence and decrease HIV viral load, but the evidence is very uncertain. We could not identify any particular components of interventions that were more effective for improving certain outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing evidence on the effectiveness of self-management interventions for improving health-related outcomes of ALHIV is very uncertain. Self-management interventions for ALHIV should take into account the individual, social and health system contexts. Intervention components need to be aligned to the desired outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42019126313.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1620381787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Self-management interventions for adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Talitha","family":"Crowley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Rohwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6072_CR1","volume-title":"HIV and AIDS in adolescents [Internet]","author":"UNICEF","year":"2020","unstructured":"UNICEF. HIV and AIDS in adolescents [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/adolescents\/hiv-aids\/"},{"key":"6072_CR2","volume-title":"IMAI one day orientation on adolescents living with HIV","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. IMAI one day orientation on adolescents living with HIV. 2010. Available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/documents\/fch_cah_9789241598972\/en\/"},{"key":"6072_CR3","volume-title":"On your own feet: adolescents with chronic conditions and their preferences and competencies for care","author":"A Van Staa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Staa A. On your own feet: adolescents with chronic conditions and their preferences and competencies for care. the Netherlands: Erasmus University Rotterdam; 2012. Available from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/254821532_On_Your_Own_Feet_Preferences_and_Competencies_for_Care_of_Adolescents_with_Chronic_Conditions"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18555","volume":"16","author":"AH Sohn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sohn AH, Hazra R. The changing epidemiology of the global paediatric HIV epidemic: keeping track of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18555.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"S1","key":"6072_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25071","volume":"21","author":"D Webb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Webb D, Cluver L, Luo C. Evolution or extinction? Paediatric and adolescent HIV responses in the agenda 2030 era. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;21(S1):8\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jia2.25071.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"18650","key":"6072_CR6","first-page":"15","volume":"16","author":"LM Mofenson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mofenson LM, Cotton MF. The challenges of success: adolescents with perinatal HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(18650):15\u20137.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001733","volume":"78","author":"A Grimsrud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grimsrud A, Bygrave H, Wilkinson L. The case for family-centered differentiated service delivery for HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018;78(2):2016\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001733.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"6072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302041","volume":"104","author":"PA Grady","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grady PA, Gough LL. Self-management: a comprehensive approach to management of chronic conditions. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(8):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302041.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"6072_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2015.03.004","volume":"98","author":"JNT Sattoe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sattoe JNT, Bal MI, Roelofs PDDM, Bal R, Miedema HS, Van Staa A. Patient education and counseling self-management interventions for young people with chronic conditions: a systematic overview. Patient Educ Couns. 2015;98(6):704\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2015.03.004.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"June 2014","key":"6072_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e473","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1635","volume":"129","author":"AC Modi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Modi AC, Hommel K, Hood K, Cortina S. Pediatric self-management: a framework for research, practice, and policy. Pediatrics. 2012;129(June 2014):e473\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2011-1635.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"6072_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-170461","volume":"10","author":"KJ Sawin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sawin KJ. Definitions, frameworks, and theoretical issues in self-management. J Pediatr Rehabil Med An Interdiscip Approach. 2017;10(3-4):169\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/PRM-170461.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med An Interdiscip Approach"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/109350703321908441","volume":"6","author":"T Bodenheimer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bodenheimer T. Interventions to improve chronic illness care: evaluating their effectiveness. Dis Manag. 2003;6(2):63\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/109350703321908441.","journal-title":"Dis Manag"},{"key":"6072_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cuthbert CA, Samawi HH, Hemmelgarn BR, Cheung WYCC. Effectiveness and components of self-management interventions in adult cancer survivors: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2018;7(238). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-018-0902-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0902-7"},{"key":"6072_CR14","volume-title":"Unending work and care: managing chronic illness at home","author":"J Corbin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Corbin J, Strauss A. Unending work and care: managing chronic illness at home. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1988."},{"issue":"June","key":"6072_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phr.2004.04.002","volume":"119","author":"H Holman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holman H, Lorig K. Patient self-management: a key to effectiveness and efficiency in care of chronic disease. Public Health Rep. 2004;119(June):239\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phr.2004.04.002.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2008.10.004","volume":"57","author":"P Ryan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ryan P, Sawin KJ. The individual and family self-management theory: background and perspectives on context, process, and outcomes. Nurs Outlook. 2010;57(4):217\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.outlook.2008.10.004.","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181ac142a","volume":"58","author":"LS Schilling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schilling LS, Dixon JK, Knafl KA, Lynn MR, Murphy K, Dumser S, et al. A new self-report measure of self-management of type 1 diabetes for adolescents. Nurs Res. 2009;58(4):228\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181ac142a.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6072_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417413512792","volume":"80","author":"KN Bernardin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernardin KN, Toews DN, Restall GJ, Vuongphan L. Self-management interventions for people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a scoping review. Can J Occup Ther. 2013;80(5):314\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0008417413512792.","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2014.10.003","volume":"63","author":"M Grey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grey M, Schulman-Green D, Knafl K, Reynolds NR. A revised self- and family management framework. Nurs Outlook. 2015;63(2):162\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.outlook.2014.10.003.","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"key":"6072_CR20","first-page":"140","volume":"248","author":"E Mehraeen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehraeen E, Safdari R, Seyedalinaghi S, Mohammadzadeh N, Arji G. Identifying and validating requirements of a mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2018;248:140\u20137. 29726430.","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/SAJHIVMED.V21I1.1054","volume":"21","author":"T Crowley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crowley T, Van der Merwe A, Kidd M, Skinner D. Adolescent human immunodeficiency virus self-management: associations with treatment adherence, viral suppression, sexual risk behaviours and health-related quality of life. South Afr J HIV Med. 2020;21(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/SAJHIVMED.V21I1.1054.","journal-title":"South Afr J HIV Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"6072_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.19.2469","volume":"288","author":"T Bodenheimer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bodenheimer T, Lorig K. Patient self-management of chronic disease in primary care. Am Med Assoc. 2002;288(19):2469\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.288.19.2469.","journal-title":"Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"6072_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232709","volume":"15","author":"H Abera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abera H, Id A, Marshall A, Harvey G. Interventions to improve self-management of adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232709.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6072_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.06.012","volume":"83","author":"A Rohwer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rohwer A, Pfadenhauer L, Burns J, Brereton L, Gerhardus A. Series: clinical epidemiology in South Africa. Paper 3: logic models help make sense of complexity in systematic reviews and health technology assessments. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;83:37\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.06.012.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6072_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2016.02.012","volume":"99","author":"MI Bal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bal MI, Sattoe JNT, Roelofs PDDM, Bal R, Van Staa A, Miedema HS. Patient education and counseling exploring effectiveness and effective components of self-management interventions for young people with chronic physical conditions: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(8):1293\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2016.02.012.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0294","volume":"27","author":"T Millard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Millard T, Hons OT, Elliott J, Girdler S. Self-management education programs for people living with HIV\/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2013;27(2):103\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2012.0294.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001785","volume":"79","author":"K Nkhoma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nkhoma K, Norton C, Sabin C, Winston A, Merlin J, Harding R. Self-management interventions for pain and physical symptoms among people living with HIV: a systematic review of the evidence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;79(2):206\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001785.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2014.08.002","volume":"26","author":"KA Tufts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tufts KA, Johnson KF, Shepherd JG, Lee J, Mahan LB, Kim MT. Novel interventions for HIV self-management in African American women: a systematic review of mHealth interventions. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2015;26(2):139\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jana.2014.08.002.","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care."},{"key":"6072_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li X. International Journal of Information Management Uses of information and communication technologies in HIV self-management: A systematic review of global literature. Int J Inf Manag. 2017;37(2):75\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2016.11.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"6072_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718794879","volume":"44","author":"C Wright","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wright C. Self-management of HIV and diabetes in African American women. Diabetes Educ. 2018;44(5):419\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721718794879.","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"issue":"January","key":"6072_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","volume":"7647","author":"M Petticrew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;7647(January):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g7647.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"6072_CR32","volume-title":"Suggested risk of bias criteria for EPOC reviews. EPOC Resources for review authors","author":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC)","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC). Suggested risk of bias criteria for EPOC reviews. EPOC Resources for review authors, 2017. [Internet] Available from: https:\/\/epoc.cochrane.org\/sites\/epoc.cochrane.org\/files\/public\/uploads\/Resources-for-authors2017\/suggested_risk_of_bias_criteria_for_epoc_reviews.pdf."},{"key":"6072_CR33","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Definition of youth","author":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)","year":"2008","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). Definition of youth; 2008. p. 1\u20133. [Internet] Available from: https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/youth\/fact-sheets\/youth-definition.pdf"},{"issue":"March","key":"6072_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","volume":"1687","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Barbour V, Macdonald H. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;1687(March):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g1687.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"6072_CR35","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 6.1. [Internet]","author":"J Higgins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thomas J. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 6.1. [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current."},{"key":"6072_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oxman AD. GRADE Working Group: grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2004;328(June). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490"},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction\u2014GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383\u201394 [cited 2019 Sep 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0895435610003306.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","volume":"64","author":"H Balshem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balshem H, Helfand M, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):401\u20136 [cited 2019 Sep 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S089543561000332X.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"6072_CR39","unstructured":"GRADEPro GDT [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/gradepro.org\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0661-3","volume":"18","author":"ME Belzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belzer ME, Naar-King S, Olson J, Sarr M, Thornton S, Kahana SY, et al. The use of cell phone support for non-adherent HIV-infected youth and young adults: an initial randomized and controlled intervention trial. AIDS Behav. 2014;18(4):686\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-013-0661-3.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"6072_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2192-4","volume":"22","author":"CS Sayegh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sayegh CS, MacDonell KK, Clark LF, Dowshen NL, Naar S, Olson-Kennedy J, et al. The impact of cell phone support on psychosocial outcomes for youth living with HIV nonadherent to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(10):3357\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2192-4.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.806770","volume":"26","author":"A Bhana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhana A, Mellins CA, Petersen I, Alicea S, Myeza N, Holst H, et al. The VUKA family program: piloting a family-based psychosocial intervention to promote health and mental health among HIV infected early adolescents in South Africa. AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Med Asp AIDS\/HIV. 2014;26(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2013.806770.","journal-title":"AIDS Care - Psychol Socio-Med Asp AIDS\/HIV."},{"issue":"sup4","key":"6072_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1527008","volume":"30","author":"DE Dow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dow DE, Mmbaga BT, Turner EL, Gallis JA, Tabb ZJ, Cunningham CK, et al. Building resilience: a mental health intervention for Tanzanian youth living with HIV. AIDS Care Psychol Socio Med Asp AIDS\/HIV. 2018;30(sup4):12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2018.1527008.","journal-title":"AIDS Care Psychol Socio Med Asp AIDS\/HIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09380-3","volume":"20","author":"DE Dow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dow DE, Mmbaga BT, Gallis JA, Turner EL, Gandhi M, Cunningham CK, et al. A group-based mental health intervention for young people living with HIV in Tanzania: results of a pilot individually randomized group treatment trial. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09380-3.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"December","key":"6072_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S289","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002204","volume":"82","author":"GR Donenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donenberg GR, Cohen MH, Ingabire C, Fabri M, Emerson E, Kendall AD, et al. Applying the exploration preparation implementation sustainment (EPIS) framework to the Kigali Imbereheza project for Rwandan adolescents living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;82(December):S289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002204.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"8","key":"6072_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00291-6","volume":"2","author":"M Fabri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fabri M, Ingabire C, Cohen M, Donenberg G, Nsanzimana S. Correspondence: the mental health of HIV-positive adolescents. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(8):e21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00291-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6072_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896918787217","volume":"78","author":"S Holden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holden S, Gordon-Dseagu VLZ, Gordon G, Chiziza N, Kiwia P, Magesa D, et al. Building resilience to adverse childhood experiences: an assessment of the effects of the stepping stones with children training programme on Tanzanian children affected by HIV and their caregivers. Health Educ J. 2019;78(2):124\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0017896918787217.","journal-title":"Health Educ J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6072_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2034-4","volume":"22","author":"SG Hosek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosek SG, Harper GW, Lemos D, Burke-Miller J, Lee S, Friedman L, et al. Project ACCEPT: evaluation of a group-based intervention to improve engagement in care for youth newly diagnosed with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(8):2650\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-018-2034-4.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"6072_CR49","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Topics in Antiviral Medicine [Internet]","author":"C Jeffries","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeffries C, Ross P, Matoff-Stepp S, Thompson R, Harris J, Uhrig J, et al. Ucare4life: mobile texting to improve HIV care continuum outcomes for minority youth. In: Topics in Antiviral Medicine [Internet]; 2016. p. 427. Available from: http:\/\/www.iasusa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/tam\/24-e1-4.pdf%5Cn. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed18b&NEWS=N&AN=613268941."},{"issue":"4","key":"6072_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.715134","volume":"25","author":"E Letourneau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Letourneau E, Ellis D, Naar-King S, Chapman J, Cunningham P, Fowler S. Multisystemic therapy for poorly adherent youth with HIV: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. AIDS Care. 2013;25(4):507\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2012.715134.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0138","volume":"33","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mimiaga MJ, Bogart LM, Thurston IB, Santostefano CM, Closson EF, Skeer MR, et al. Positive strategies to enhance problem-solving skills (STEPS): a pilot randomized, controlled trial of a multicomponent, technology-enhanced, customizable antiretroviral adherence intervention for HIV-infected adolescents and young adults. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2019;33(1):21\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/apc.2018.0138.","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.1.1","volume":"18","author":"S Naar-King","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naar-King S, Wright K, Parsons JT, Frey M, Templin T, Lam P, et al. Healthy choices: motivational enhancement therapy for health risk behaviors in HIV-positive youth. AIDS Educ Prev. 2006;18(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.1.1.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"6072_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.212","volume":"163","author":"S Naar-King","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naar-King S, Parsons JT, Murphy DA, Chen X, Harris DR, Belzer ME. Improving health outcomes for youth living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(12):1092\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.212.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2012.02.008","volume":"25","author":"C Rongkavilit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rongkavilit C, Naar-King S, Koken J, Bunupuradah T, Chen X, Saengcharnchai P, et al. A feasibility study of motivational interviewing for health risk behaviors among Thai youth living with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014;25(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jana.2012.02.008.","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"6072_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1394434","volume":"30","author":"L Webb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Webb L, Perry-Parrish C, Ellen J, Sibinga E. Mindfulness instruction for HIV-infected youth: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS Care Psychol Socio Med Asp AIDS\/HIV. 2018;30(6):688\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2017.1394434.","journal-title":"AIDS Care Psychol Socio Med Asp AIDS\/HIV"},{"issue":"sup4","key":"6072_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1503224","volume":"30","author":"L Whiteley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whiteley L, Brown LK, Mena L, Craker L, Arnold T. Enhancing health among youth living with HIV using an iPhone game. AIDS Care Psychol Socio Medical Asp AIDS\/HIV. 2018;30(sup4):21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2018.1503224.","journal-title":"AIDS Care Psychol Socio Medical Asp AIDS\/HIV"},{"key":"6072_CR57","unstructured":"Agwu A, Trent M. Technology based community health nursing to improve combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) adherence and virologic suppression in youth living with HIV (Tech2Check ). ClinicalTrials. 2020; Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03600103."},{"issue":"3","key":"6072_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11416","DOI":"10.2196\/11416","volume":"8","author":"KR Amico","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amico KR, Dunlap A, Dallas R, Lindsey J, Heckman B, Flynn P, et al. Triggered escalating real-time adherence intervention to promote rapid HIV viral suppression among youth living with HIV failing antiretroviral therapy: protocol for a triggered escalating real-time adherence intervention. JMIR Res Protoc. 2019;8(3):e11416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/11416.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"6072_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11183","DOI":"10.2196\/11183","volume":"7","author":"ME Belzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belzer ME, MacDonell KK, Ghosh S, Naar S, McAvoy-Banerjea J, Gurung S, et al. Adaptive antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions for youth living with HIV through text message and cell phone support with and without incentives: Protocol for a sequential multiple corresponding author. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018;7(12):e11183 Available from: http:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2018\/12\/e11183.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"6072_CR60","volume-title":"IMPAACT 2016: evaluating a group-based intervention to improve mental health and ART adherence among youth living with HIV in low resource settings: a study of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent Evaluating a Group-Based Intervention","author":"G Donenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donenberg G, Dow D. IMPAACT 2016: evaluating a group-based intervention to improve mental health and ART adherence among youth living with HIV in low resource settings: a study of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent Evaluating a Group-Based Intervention. 2016. [Email communication from authors]."},{"issue":"7","key":"6072_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11502","DOI":"10.2196\/11502","volume":"8","author":"KJ Horvath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horvath KJ, Maclehose RF, Martinka A, Dewitt J, Sullivan P, Amico KR. Connecting youth and young adults to optimize antiretroviral therapy adherence (YouTHrive): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2019;8(7):e11502 Available from: https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2019\/7\/e11502\/.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5815-9","volume":"18","author":"MJ Mimiaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mimiaga MJ, Kuhns LM, Biello KB, Olson J, Hoehnle S, Santostefano CM, et al. Positive STEPS: a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an adaptive intervention for strengthening adherence to antiretroviral HIV treatment among youth: study protocol. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5815-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"6072_CR63","unstructured":"Outlaw AY, Naar-King S. Motivational enhancement system for adherence (MESA) for youth starting ART [Internet]. ClinicalTrials. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02761746."},{"key":"6072_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arnold EM, Swendeman D, Harris D, Fournier J, Kozina L, Abdalian S, et al. The stepped care intervention to suppress viral load in youth living with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/10791.","DOI":"10.2196\/10791"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2347-z2017","volume":"18","author":"NA Sam-Agudu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sam-Agudu NA, Pharr JR, Bruno T, Cross CL, Cornelius LJ, Okonkwo P, et al. Adolescent coordinated transition (ACT) to improve health outcomes among young people living with HIV in Nigeria: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-017-2347-z2017;1\u201312.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"6072_CR66","volume-title":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to improve HIV-infected adolescent and young adults\u2019 HIV medication adherence and self-regulation: Protocol","author":"E Sibinga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sibinga E. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to improve HIV-infected adolescent and young adults\u2019 HIV medication adherence and self-regulation: Protocol. 2018. [Email communication from authors]."},{"issue":"10","key":"6072_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/15314","volume":"8","author":"S Subramanian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subramanian S, Edwards P, Roberts ST, Musheke M, Mbizvo M. Integrated care delivery for HIV prevention and treatment in adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: protocol for a corresponding author. JMIR Res Protoc. 2019;8(10):1\u201313 Available from: https:\/\/www.researchprotocols.org\/2019\/10\/e15314.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601711010119","volume":"11","author":"V Cooper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cooper V, Clatworthy J, Whetham J, Consortium E. mHealth interventions to support self-management in HIV: a systematic review. AIDS J. 2017;11(1):119\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874613601711010119.","journal-title":"AIDS J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6072_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","volume":"46","author":"S Michie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michie S, Richardson M, Abraham C, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles MP, et al. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Ann Behav Med. 2013;46(1):81\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"6072_CR70","first-page":"185","volume-title":"A systematic review of the literature on self-management interventions and discussion of their potential relevance for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [Internet]. Vol. 95, Patient education and counseling","author":"CJ Aantjes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aantjes CJ, Ramerman L, Bunders JFG. A systematic review of the literature on self-management interventions and discussion of their potential relevance for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [Internet]. Vol. 95, Patient education and counseling: Elsevier; 2014. p. 185\u2013200. Available from: http:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0738399114000421?showall=true"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T10:04:32Z","timestamp":1620381872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06072-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The systematic review is part of a larger study that obtained approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University (#:N18\/06\/064) on 09\/10\/2018.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"431"}}