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All the eligible patients underwent lymphocyte subset analysis on admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 88 HIV-negative PCP patients were enrolled in the study. In univariate analyses, low CD4+ T cell count, low CD8+ T cell count, and low natural killer cell (NK cell) count were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. CD8+ T cell count \u2264300\/\u03bcL was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in multivariate logistical regression analysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015, OR\u2009=\u200911.526, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.597\u201383.158). Although low CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts were not independent risk factors, the mortality rates of PCP patients decreased as the CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immune process of<jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>infection is complex but important. We propose that lymphocyte subsets could give clinicians a better understanding of patient immune status, helping with the early identification of potentially lethal infections and treatment decision making, such as adjusting the immunosuppressive regimen and choosing an appropriate patient monitoring level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06124-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:03:07Z","timestamp":1620950587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lymphocyte subset analysis to evaluate the prognosis of HIV-negative patients with pneumocystis pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan-ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"6124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.880","volume":"301","author":"JA Kovacs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kovacs JA, Masur H. 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The IRB waived the requirement to obtain informed consent from each patient because the study met the IRB\u2019s minimal risk waiver criteria. We declare that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"441"}}